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. 2021 Sep 28;11:19183. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98707-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Induced deletion of pfmsa180 results in the arrest of parasite egress at the end of schizogony. (a) Images of Giemsa-stained thin blood smears 38–52 h after rapamycin or DMSO treatment. The mock-treated (DMSO) parasites egress and invade new RBCs to form ring stages, while the rapamycin-treated parasites remain as late stage schizonts, often without a visible PVM and the merozoites filling the whole erythrocyte (arrows). The last panel displays a zoom-in image for rings and schizonts. Scale bar = 5 µm. (b) Number of schizonts observed in untreated, mock-treated or rapamycin-treated i∆msa180 parasites 48 h after setup (~ 3% parasitemia). The percentage schizonts observed in each treatment was calculated from three independent experiments. Error bars depict standard error of mean. (c) The relative percentage of rings observed in untreated, mock-treated or rapamycin-treated iΔmsa180 parasites 52 h after setup. The percentage of rings in each treatment was calculated from three independent experiments with respect to untreated parasites, for which the parasitemia was set to 100%. Error bars depict standard error of the mean of two independent experiments.