Table 2.

Summary of subgroup analysis results based on fixed-effect linear and nonlinear (3 knots) dose-response meta-analysis. Bold values mean results with statistical significance.

Subgroup	Number of cohorts	Linear model				Nonlinear model
		RR	95%CI	P heterogeneity	P model	P heterogeneity	P model	P knots
Gender
Male	4	1.02	1.00-1.05	0.97	0.09	0.27	0.14	0.31
Female	5	0.98	0.92-1.04	0.36	0.48	0.82	0.36	0.21
Alcohol source
Beer	5	1.03	0.98-1.08	0.29	0.25	0.66	0.25	0.22
Male	4	1.03	0.98-1.08	0.69	0.27	0.76	0.44	0.51
Female	1	1.11	0.92-1.35	–	0.29	0.37	0.26	0.21
Wine	4	1.01	0.97-1.05	0.79	0.71	0.42	0.61	0.36
Male	3	1.01	0.96-1.05	0.94	0.78	0.22	0.79	0.53
Female	1	1.01	0.91-1.12	–	0.84	0.69	0.95	0.78
Liquor or spirits	5	1.09	1.01-1.17	0.12	0.02	0.32	0.04	0.40
Male	4	1.08	1.00-1.17	0.19	0.04	0.20	0.09	0.52
Female	1	1.04	0.83-1.31	–	0.73	0.59	0.94	1.00
Region
USA	3	0.97	0.87-1.07	0.37	0.51	0.79	0.49	0.32
Europe	3	1.02	0.99-1.04	0.01	0.15	0.08	0.35	0.88
Smoking status
Never smokers	2	1.01	0.92-1.10	0.10	0.88	0.19	0.57	0.30
Past or current smokers	1	1.03	1.00- 1.06	–	0.03	0.49	0.08	0.69