Table 3.

Comparison of the eight items of CAS before and after the intervention among three groups

Groups		Control	Massage with water	Massage with olive oil	P value*
Items		Mean±SD	Mean±SD	Mean±SD
Abdominal distension or bloating	Before	0.62±0.61	0.79±0.63	1.17±0.62	0.04
	After	0.94±0.44	0.47±0.51	0.44±0.51	0.01
Changing in amount of gas passed rectally	Before	0.56±0.51	0.42±0.51	0.39±0.5	0.56
	After	0.5±0.51	0.16±0.37	0	0.001
Less frequent bowel movement	Before	0.75±0.68	0.89±0.58	1.05±0.54	0.007
	After	0.44±0.51	0.39±0.5	0.22±0.43	0.40
Oozing liquid stool	Before	0.62±0.25	0	0.11±0.32	0.34
	After	0.62±0.25	0	0	0.31
Rectal fullness or pressure	Before	0.75±0.44	1±0.57	0.72±0.57	0.25
	After	0.81±0.4	0.58±0.61	0.28±0.46	0.01
Rectal pain with bowel movement	Before	0.44±0.51	0.68±0.48	0.72±0.57	0.24
	After	0.69±0.6	0.47±0.51	0.28±0.46	0.10
Small volume of stool	Before	0.62±0.5	0.31±0.48	0.55±0.51	0.15
	After	0.87±0.72	0.74±0.45	0.33±0.48	0.02
Unable to pass stool	Before	0.62±0.5	0.68±0.48	0.83±0.51	0.48
	After	0.94±0.44	0.58±0.61	0.28±0.46	0.003

^*Kruskal-Wallis Test