Table 1.
Clinical data of the study subjects.
| Unit | Presumed COVID-19 (−) | Presumed COVID-19 (+) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject number | N | 10 | 14 | |
| Male | n (%) | 5 (50.0%) | 7 (50.0%) | 1.000 |
| Age | Years | 69.0 (63.3–72.5) | 42.5 (37.0–51.8) | 0.001 |
| BMI | kg/m2 | 23.4 (21.9–24.8) | 21.4 (20.0–24.7) | 0.396 |
| ADL | scale of 1–10 | 9.0 (8.0–9.8) | 10.0 (8.0–10.0) | 0.516 |
| Headache | n (%) | 4 (44.4%) | 7 (50.0%) | 0.660 |
| Fever | n (%) | 8 (88.9%) | 12 (85.7%) | 0.799 |
| Cough | n (%) | 4 (44.4%) | 9 (64.3%) | 0.515 |
| Sore throat | n (%) | 6 (66.7%) | 2 (14.3%) | 0.024 |
| Fatigue | n (%) | 6 (66.7%) | 10 (71.4%) | 0.970 |
| Dyspnea | n (%) | 1 (11.1%) | 7 (50.0%) | 0.049 |
| Anosmia | n (%) | 1 (11.1%) | 5 (35.7%) | 0.172 |
| Body temperature | °C | 37.1 (36.7–37.8) | 36.7 (36.3–37.4) | 0.379 |
| SpO2 | % | 96.5 (93.5–97.8) | 96.5 (95.0–98.0) | 0.697 |
| SBP | mmHg | 143.5 (140.5–152.8) | 118.5 (111.5–136.5) | 0.028 |
| DBP | mmHg | 79.0 (74.8–87.8) | 73.0 (69.3–93.0) | 0.500 |
| HR | BPM | 89.0 (71.5–112.3) | 86.0 (77.0–93.0) | 0.576 |
| Initial PCR | days from onset | 6.0 (4.3–9.3) | 6.0 (3.5–8.5) | 0.768 |
| IgG sample collection | days from onset | 151.0 (44.3–273.0) | 285.0 (217.5–302.3) | 0.033 |
| WBC | /uL | 7750.0 (6850.0–8975.0) | 6000.0 (4300.0–6775.0) | 0.015 |
| Neutrophil | % | 78.1 (75.8–82.5) | 66.8 (58.7–79.5) | 0.069 |
| Lymphocyte | % | 13.5 (7.4–16.0) | 20.7 (13.6–33.6) | 0.026 |
| Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio | 5.8 (4.7–11.7) | 3.2 (1.8–6.2) | 0.024 | |
| Monocyte | % | 5.6 (5.2–6.7) | 5.0 (3.7–7.1) | 0.578 |
| Hemoglobin | g/dL | 12.8 (12.4–14.1) | 14.0 (13.5–14.3) | 0.207 |
| Platelet | 104/uL | 26.1 (17.4–31.6) | 23.8 (20.7–30.2) | 0.977 |
| Total protein | g/dL | 6.9 (6.5–7.4) | 7.3 (7.1–7.6) | 0.206 |
| Albumin | g/dL | 3.5 (3.3–3.6) | 4.3 (3.9–4.4) | 0.007 |
| LDH | U/L | 224.5 (177.5–296.5) | 221.5 (175.3–252.8) | 0.725 |
| AST | U/L | 24.0 (19.8–30.5) | 29.5 (20.0–35.5) | 0.428 |
| ALT | U/L | 23.0 (11.5–27.8) | 24.0 (18.0–41.8) | 0.333 |
| γGTP | U/L | 31.5 (15.8–59.3) | 31.5 (25.5–64.8) | 0.501 |
| BUN | mg/dL | 19.7 (14.3–22.2) | 11.0 (8.0–13.1) | 0.001 |
| Creatinine | mg/dL | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 0.043 |
| Creatine Kinase | U/L | 94.0 (57.5–147.0) | 73.0 (48.5–97.5) | 0.482 |
| CRP | mg/dL | 7.4 (4.1–12.0) | 0.8 (0.4–1.9) | 0.002 |
| D-dimer | μg/mL | 1.2 (0.4–1.6) | 0.2 (0.2–0.5) | 0.052 |
| IgG (N) | S/C | 0.03 (0.02–0.04) | 0.60 (0.26–1.55) | <0.001 |
| IgG (RBD) | AU/mL | 4.2 (2.3–6.1) | 238.4 (8.2–332.4) | 0.004 |
BMI: body mass index, ADL: activities of daily living, SpO2: percutaneous oxygen saturation, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, HR: heart rate, WBC: white blood cell count, LDH: lactate dehydrogenase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, γGTP: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, BUN: blood urea nitrogen, CRP: c-reactive protein, IgG (N): IgG against nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2, IgG (RBD): IgG against receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2.