Table 1.

Particulars for the hub genes and the genes in the top module of PPI network.

Gene symbol	Name	Pattern	Pathogenetic mechanism	Associated Disorders	Ref.
ADORA3	Adenosine A3 receptor	Up	ADORA3 is highly regulated, most plentiful in the brain and several endocrine cells. G proteins mediate this receptor to inhibit adenylyl cyclase.	Ischemia and Ataxia, Sensory, 1, Autosomal Dominant.	[58,59]
CCL4	C–C Motif Chemokine Ligand 4	Down	CCL4 encodes mitogen-inducible monokine protein. It is one of the primary factors that the CD8+ T-cells produce and are suppressed in HIV. The protein expresses inflammatory and chemokine related processes.	Bacterial meningitis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infectious Disease.	[60]
CCR2	C–C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2	Up	CCR2 is a chemokine that mediates monocyte chemotaxis. This is responsible for infiltrating monocyte in inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and in the inflammatory reaction related to tumours.	Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and idiopathic Anterior Uveitis.	[61]
CD33	CD33 Molecule	Up	CD33 belongs to the sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec) family that mediates cell-cell interactions and maintains rest for the immune cells	Alzheimer's Disease, Acute Leukemia and Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia.	[62]
CXCL1	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1	Down	CXCL1 encodes CXC receptor 2, which is involved in inflammation and chemoattraction for neutrophils. Irregular expression of this protein plays a role to grow and develop certain tumours.	Alzheimer's Disease and Bacterial Meningitis	[63]
CXCL5	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5	Down	The protein encoded by CXCL5 is a member CXC subfamily of chemokines that recruit leukocytes. It also participates to activate neutrophils.	pulmonary sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis	[64]
CXCL8	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8	Down	CXCL8 acts as a chemotactic element that activates neutrophils. It acts as basophils, and T-cells attractant, but not for monocytes. various cells release it as inflammatory responses.	Melanoma, bronchiolitis	[65]
IFNG	Interferon Gamma	Down	IFNG encodes cytokine that both the adaptive and natural immune system cells secret. Mutations in this gene are lined with an increase in vulnerability to the infections of viruses, bacteria and parasites as well as many autoimmune diseases.	Hepatitis C Virus, Tuberous Sclerosis 2.	[66]
ITGB2	Integrin Subunit Beta 2	Down	ITGB2 encoded proteins activate the immune response and leukocyte adhesion deficiency is resulted due to its defect. It also participates in the transmigration of leukocytes that includes T-cells and neutrophils.	leukocyte adhesion deficiency type i	[67]
OPRL1	Opioid Related Nociceptin Receptor 1	Up	OPRL1 encodes G-protein-coupled receptors belonging to the opioid family including kappa, delta and mu receptors. This receptor-ligand system regulates various biological processes and neuro-functioning, that include response to stress and anxious activities, memory and learning, locomotor action, and immune and inflammatory responses.	Drug dependence	[68]
PTGS2	Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2	Down	PTGS2 encodes isozymes that are inducible. Various stimulatory actions modulate this indicating its involvement in the prostanoid biosynthesis associated with mitogenesis and inflammation.	gastric ulcer, familial adenomatous polyposis	[69]
TLR5	Toll Like Receptor 5	Up	TLR5 identifies individual pathogen-related molecular models that are expressed in infections. It encodes proteins that can recognise bacterial flagellin which is a virulence component and the prime factor of bacterial flagella.	melioidosis, legionnaire disease	[70]