Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3 L1 adipocytes. Only 5- and 9-FAHFA isomers potentiate insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 cells: Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with FAHFAs (20 μM) or DMSO control for 24 h. Glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with (A) 5-, 9-, 10-, 12-, and 13-PAHSA, palmitic acid, and 9-hydroxy stearic acid; (B) 5-, 9-, 10-, 12-, and 13-POHSA; (C) 5-, 9-, 10-, 12-, and 13-OAHSA; (D) 5-, 9-, 10-, 12-, and 13-SAHSA. E: Acyl chain constituents of FAHFAs (20 μM), palmitic acid (PA), palmitoleic acid (PO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), and hydroxy stearic acids (5-, 9-, and 12-HSA, 20 μM). Data are the means ± SEM. n = 4–6 wells/condition. Each isomer was tested in 2–4 independent studies. ∗P < 0.05 versus DMSO; #P < 0.05 versus all other conditions. FAHFA, fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acid; PAHSA, palmitic acid hydroxy stearic acid; POHSA, palmitoleic acid hydroxy stearic acid; OAHSA, oleic acid hydroxy stearic acid; SAHSA, stearic acid hydroxy stearic acid.