Table 3.
Biological activity of racemic 9-PAHSA and 9-PAHSA enantiomers
| Assay | Racemic 9-PAHSA Versus DMSO (n) | R-9-PAHSA Versus DMSO (n) | S-9-PAHSA Versus DMSO (n) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes |
 (4) |
↔ (4) |
(4) |
|
| GSIS MIN6 cells |
(2) |
↔ (2) |
(2) |
|
| GSIS human islets |
(4) |
(4) |
(4) |
|
| GPR40 activation assay | 10 μM PAHSA |
(1) |
↔ (1) |
(1) |
| Calcium flux | 25 μM PAHSA |
(1) |
(1) |
(1) |
| Tnfα secretion from BMDCs |
 (2) |
(2) |
(2) |
|
| Il-6 secretion from BMDCs |
(2) |
(2) |
(2) |
|
| Tnfα secretion from BMDMs |
(2) |
(2) |
(2) |
|
indicates significant increase compared to DMSO control P < 0.05, indicates significant decrease compared to DMSO P < 0.05. ↔ indicates no change.
The number of assays performed is given in parentheses.