Fig. 5.

Mineralized nodule formation in osteoblasts from patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). a) Alizarin red quantification in layers of osteoblasts obtained from the intertrochanteric region (IT) of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or ONFH and from the femoral head (FH) of patients with ONFH, and cultured in growth medium (GM) or osteogenic medium (OM) for 18 days. The data were normalized relative to those measured in osteoblasts from IT-OA, which were given an arbitrary value of 100. b) Images showing alizarin red staining (upper panel) and osteocalcin (green) and actin (red) staining (lower panel) in cultures incubated in OM. Bar = 100 μm. *p < 0.05 between the indicated conditions, Mann–Whitney U test and paired Wilcoxon test.