Table 2.
Conversational agent characteristics.
| Conversational agent or program name | Delivery method (computer or phone) | Delivery platform | Conversational agent output (speech or text) | User input (constrained or unconstrained) | |
| ECAa | |||||
|
|
Laura or FitTrack [12-14] | Computer | Software | Speech | Constrained |
|
|
Karen [30,31] | Computer | Software | Speech | Constrained |
|
|
Steps to Health [32] | Computer | Software | Speech | Constrained |
|
|
Gabby [36] | Computer | Web-based | Speech | Constrained |
|
|
Emily [40] | Computer | Software | Speech | Constrained |
|
|
Project RAISE [42] | Computer | Software | Speech | Not specified |
|
|
Virtual Coach [45] | Computer | Software | Speech | Constrained |
|
|
Elsie or Meimei [46] | Computer | Software | Speech | Constrained |
| Chatbot | |||||
|
|
Ollobot [33] | Both | Messaging app | Text | Unconstrained |
|
|
CoachAI [34] | Both | Messaging app | Text | Unconstrained |
|
|
Reflection Companion [37] | Phone | SMS or MMSb | Text | Unconstrained |
|
|
Ally [38] | Phone | Mobile app | Text | Constrained |
|
|
Paola or MedLiPal [39] | Both | Messaging app | Text | Unconstrained |
|
|
Healthy Lifestyle Coaching Chatbot [41] | Both | Messaging app | Text | Unconstrained |
| Both | |||||
|
|
I Move [35] | Computer | Web-based | Text | Both |
|
|
AmIE Project [43] | Computer | Software | Both | Constrained |
|
|
Mindless Change [44] | Phone | Mobile app | Both | Constrained |
aECA: embodied conversational agent.
bMMS: multimedia messaging service.