Table 1.
Patient cohorts experiencing or not experiencing RFP.
| No RFP | RFP | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 162 | 34 | |
| Age at diagnosis | 30.6 (24.3-39.7) | 36.6 (29.1-45.7) | 0.009 |
| NfL (Baseline) pg/ml | 7.2 (4.5-12.5) | 10.8 (7.7-15.0) | 0.017 |
| Age at Baseline | 32.9 (26.3-42.2) | 45.7 (34.2-48.9) | <0.001 |
| NfL (follow-up) pg/ml | 6.9 (5.1-9.1) | 10.0 (6.4-13.2) | 0.008 |
| sNfL FU/Baseline ratio | 0.99 (0.76-1.23) | 1.00 (0.70-1.32) | 0.995 |
| Age at follow-up | 38.9 (32.4-47.9) | 51.4 (42.9-55.6) | <0.001 |
| Female | 110 (67.9) | 27 (79.4) | 0.183 |
| Disease course at Baseline | 0.683 | ||
| CIS | 3 (1.9) | 1 (1.9) | |
| RRMS | 159 (98.1) | 33 (97.1) | |
| Smoking | 40 (34.8) | 12 (42.9) | 0.426 |
| Pack Years | 14.9 (±10.2) | 20.2 (±18.7) | 0.386 |
| OCB | 141 (87) | 27 (79.4) | 0.248 |
| Relapses | |||
|
73 (45.1) | 8 (23.5) | 0.020 |
|
103 (63.6) | 15 (44.1) | 0.035 |
|
8 (4.9) | 0 (0) | 0.186 |
| EDSS | |||
| Baseline | 1 (0-2) | 1.5 (0-3.1) | 0.148 |
| follow-up | 1 (0-2) | 4.3 (2.5-5.6) | <0.001 |
| Disease duration (years) | 7.5 (6.0-9.2) | 9.7 (8.2-16.8) | <0.001 |
| MRI Baseline | |||
| Gd-enhancement (%) | 47 (29.0) | 9 (26.5) | 0.460 |
| Gd lesion number (No.) | 0.82 (±2.30) | 0.70 (±1.65) | 0.719 |
| T2 lesion number (No) | 15.4 (±12.0) | 18.8 (±15.4) | 0.237 |
| MRI FU | |||
| Gd-enhancement (%) | 7 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 0.217 |
| Gd lesion number (No.) | 0.14 (±0.83) | 0 (0) | 0.392 |
| DMT | 0.125 | ||
| No DMT | 36 (22.2) | 9 (27.3) | |
| Basic | 25 (15.4) | 9 (26.5) | |
| Moderate | 61 (37.7) | 6 (18.2) | |
| High | 40 (24.7) | 10 (30.3) | |
| DMT at FU | 126 (77.8) | 24 (72.7) | 0.530 |
| No. of DMTs initiated | 2 (1-3) | 2 (2-4) | 0.317 |
| Disease course FU | <0.001 | ||
| CIS | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | |
| RRMS | 154 (95.1) | 13 (38.2) | |
| SPMS | 6 (3.7) | 21 (61.8) | |
| Relapse activity – FU | |||
| Mean number of Relapses last 5 years | 0.93 (±1.71) | 0.72 (±0.96) | 0.497 |
| Mean number of Relapses last year | 0.18 (±0.5) | 0 (0) | 0.004 |
Data is presented as number (percentages), median (interquartile range 25th-75th percentile) or mean (± standard deviation), as appropriate. sNfL: serum neurofilament light chain; CIS, clinically isolated syndrome; RRMS: relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; OCB: Oligoclonal Bands; EDSS: Expanded disability status scale; Gd: Gadolinium; DMT, disease-modifying therapies; basic DMT: interferons and glatirameracetate; moderate DMT: teriflunomide and dimethylfumarate; high DMT: natalizumab, rituximab, fingolimod, ocrelizumab, daclizumab, alemtuzumab and mitoxantrone; SPMS: Secondary progressive MS; FU: follow-up; No: Number; RFP: relapse-free EDSS-progression.