Figure 4.

Additional altered metabolites 24 h after TBI

Within the lesion site three additional metabolites that participate in transamination reactions with glutamate were observed to be decreased in the lesion site 24 h after injury (A) aspartate (Asp), (B) leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), (C) valine (Val).

(D and E)(D) Pyruvate and (E) lactate were elevated in the injured hemisphere relative to the contralateral hemisphere, especially in the neocortex extending toward the amygdala. Lactate was most increased in the lesion site, elevated in portions of the ipsilateral thalamus, and bilaterally in the hypothalamus relative to the rest of the brain. A representative scale bar of 5 mm for the figure is shown in white on the lower left-hand corner.