Table 1.

Characteristics of reviewed studies assessing the effect of different dietary compositions on obesity in PCOS.

Reference	Population	Interventions	Outcomes
Marsh et al., 2010 [16]	PCOS Mean BMI >34 Mean age >30 yo Sydney, Australia Low GI: n > 29 completed Healthy diet: n > 20 completed	Low saturated fat weight-loss diet Low GI: 1,576 kcal, 50% carbohydrate, 23% protein, 27% fat, 34 g fiber, 40%GI, 74 g GL Standard healthy: 1,569 kcal, 50% carbohydrate, 23% protein, 27% fat, 34 g fiber, 59% GI, 109 g GL	Low-GI vs healthy diet: Greater improvement in insulin sensitivity, lower fibrinogen, improved menstrual regularity. No significant differences in other outcomes
Paoli et al., J 2020 [17]	n: 14 PCOS BMI: 28.84	A modified KD protocol was used. The KEMEPHY diet (Mediterranean eucaloric ketogenic) 1600/1700 kcal/day) with phytoextracts, Food supplements are high proteins (19 g/portion) and very low carbohydrate (3.5 g/portion)	Improvement in levels: Testosterone, DHEAs, LH, FSH. Weight loss: 9,43 kg BMI at the end of intervention: 25,49 kg/m2
Le Donne et al., 2019 [64]	n: 43 PCOS 3 groups BMI: 31,8 kg/m2	3 groups Group 1(n = 21) diet only Group 2 (n = 10) Diet and MI Group 3 (n = 12) diet inositols (MI + DCI). Duration: 6 months for all groups. The diet (1200 Kcal) administered to all three groups 25% fats, 15–18% proteins and the remaining portion glucids; low GI foods were recommended	Weight loss: 8.1, 8.5 and 9.8 kg for Group 1,2,3 respectively and significant fat mass lost for Group 1