Population size estimates |
Population |
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) |
Stratified by age and sex |
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) [17] |
Population projections |
Population |
2010–2060 Brazil population projections produced by IBGE |
Stratified by year, age and sex |
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) [18] |
Mortality |
Deaths from CHD, stroke, and any other non-modelled causes |
Underlying cause of death 2000–2016 |
Stratified by year, age and sex |
National Mortality Information System (SIM/SUS) [19] |
Sodium exposure |
Exposure of individuals |
National Household Budgetary Survey |
Anonymised, individual-level dataset |
IBGE - National Household Budgetary Survey (POF) 2008–2009 [20, 21] |
Systolic blood pressure exposure |
Exposure of individuals |
National Health Survey |
Anonymised, individual-level dataset |
IBGE - National Health Survey (PNS) 2013 [22] |
Effect of sodium consumption on systolic blood pressure |
Systolic blood pressure |
Meta-analysis/meta-regression of 103 trials |
Only trials with duration >7 days were analysed |
Mozaffarian et al. [3] |
Reference level of sodium consumption |
Ideal sodium consumption below which no excess risk was considered to occur |
Evidence from ecological studies, randomised trials, and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies |
Intake levels associated with the lowest risk ranged from 614 to 2391 mg/day; in large, well-controlled randomised feeding trials, the lowest tested intake for which blood pressure reductions were clearly documented was 1500 mg/day |
Mozaffarian et al. [3] |
Relative risk for systolic blood pressure |
CHD and stroke incidence (ICD-10: I20–I25 and I60–I69) |
Pooled analysis of 2 individual-level meta-analyses |
Stratified by age and sex; adjusted for regression dilution and total blood cholesterol and, where available, lipid fractions (HDL and non-HDL cholesterol), diabetes, weight, alcohol consumption, and smoking at baseline |
Micha et al. [23] |
|
Mortality from any cause excluding CHD and stroke |
Individual-level meta-analysis of 48 prospective cohort studies |
Adjusted for age, sex, race or ethnicity, deprivation, smoking, diabetes, inactivity, alcohol, and obesity |
Stringhini et al. [24] |
Reference level of systolic blood pressure |
Ideal systolic blood pressure below which no excess risk was considered to occur |
Evidence from randomised trials of antihypertensive drugs and the INTERSALT study |
There may be health benefits by lowering systolic blood pressure down to 110 mm Hg |
Singh et al. [25] |
Disease costs |
Public hospitalisation costs for CHD and stroke |
Underlying cause of hospitalisation (2018) |
Average cost of hospitalisations per individual |
National Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS) [26] |
|
Primary health, outpatient and informal care and medication costs for CHD and stroke |
|
Costs were extrapolated to Brazilian settings |
Leal et al. [27] |