Table 1.
Baseline and procedure characteristics of patients with AF versus without AF
| Baseline and procedure variables | Pre-matched population (n = 1755) | Post-matched population (n = 814) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With AF (n = 550) |
Without AF (n = 1205) |
SD (%) | P-value | With AF (n = 407) |
Without AF (n = 407) |
SD (%) | P-value | |
| Age, median (IQR), years | 71 (64–78) | 63 (54–70) | 72.0 | < 0.01 | 69 (62–76) | 68 (61–75) | 4.3 | 0.32 |
| Male sex | 246 (44.7) | 910 (75.5) | 66.2 | < 0.01 | 213 (52.3) | 221 (54.3) | 3.9 | 0.57 |
| History of hypertension | 333 (60.6) | 673 (55.9) | 9.5 | 0.07 | 232 (57.0) | 245 (60.2) | 6.5 | 0.35 |
| History of diabetes mellitus | 99 (18.0) | 225 (18.7) | 1.8 | 0.74 | 73 (17.9) | 82 (20. 2) | 5.6 | 0.42 |
| Prior ischemic stroke | 130 (23.6) | 207 (17.2) | 16.1 | < 0.01 | 85 (20.9) | 88 (21.6) | 1.8 | 0.80 |
| Pre-stroke mRS score ≥ 1 | 84 (15.3) | 146 (12.1) | 9.2 | 0.07 | 55 (13.5) | 60 (14.7) | 3.5 | 0.61 |
| Cigarette smoking | 56.5 | < 0.01 | 7.3 | 0.27 | ||||
| Never Smoker | 420 (76.4) | 629 (52.2) | 291 | 285 | ||||
| Ex-smoker | 44 (8.0) | 89 (7.4) | 37 | 28 | ||||
| Current smoker | 86 (15.6) | 487 (40. 4) | 79 | 94 | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure, median (IQR), mmHg | 145 (130–160) | 145 (132–162) | 7.5 | 0. 21 | 145 (130–160) | 145 (130–160) | 2.1 | 0.95 |
| NIHSS score, median (IQR) | 18 (14–22) | 15 (11–21) | 29.5 | < 0.01 | 17 (13–21) | 17 (13–22) | 2.6 | 0.87 |
| ASPECTS, median (IQR) a | 10 (7–10) | 9 (7–10) | 13.1 | < 0.01 | 10 (7–10) | 10 (7–10) | 1.5 | 0.91 |
| Occlusion site | 46.4 | < 0.01 | 9.1 | 0.20 | ||||
| Internal carotid artery | 166 (30.2) | 279 (23.2) | 111 (27.3) | 116 (28.5) | ||||
| Middle cerebral artery M1 segment | 266 (48.4) | 493 (40.9) | 197 (48.4) | 187 (45.9) | ||||
| Middle cerebral artery M2 segment | 59 (10.7) | 91 (7.6) | 47 (11.6) | 39 (9.6) | ||||
| Vertebro-basilar artery | 49 (8.9) | 313 (26.0) | 42 (10.3) | 60 (14.7) | ||||
| Other intracranial arteries b | 10 (1.8) | 29 (2.4) | 10 (2.5) | 5 (1. 2) | ||||
| Prior use of antiplatelet agents | 101 (18.4) | 187 (15.5) | 7.8 | 0.14 | 75 (18.4) | 73 (17.9) | 1.3 | 0.86 |
| Prior use of anticoagulants | 51 (9.3) | 20 (1.7) | 34.0 | < 0.01 | 19 (4. 7) | 15 (3.7) | 4.9 | 0.48 |
| Prior intravenous thrombolysis | 145 (26.4) | 368 (30.5) | 9.3 | 0.07 | 115 (28.3) | 102 (25.1) | 7.2 | 0.30 |
| Type of anesthesia | 16.8 | 0.01 | 4.1 | 0.55 | ||||
| Local anesthesia only | 265 (48.2) | 500 (41.5) | 190 (46.7) | 184 (45.2) | ||||
| Local anesthesia plus sedation | 92 (16.7) | 190 (15.8) | 68 (16.7) | 60 (14.7) | ||||
| General anesthesia | 193 (35.1) | 515 (42.7) | 149 (36.6) | 163 (40.1) | ||||
| Stent-retriever thrombectomy | 385 (70.0) | 834 (69.2) | 1.7 | 0.74 | 284 (69.8) | 289 (71.0) | 2.7 | 0.70 |
| Aspiration thrombectomy | 14 (2. 6) | 40 (3.3) | 4.6 | 0.38 | 13 (3.2) | 15 (3.7) | 2.7 | 0.70 |
| Stent-retriever plus aspiration thrombectomy | 124 (22.6) | 180 (14.9) | 19.6 | < 0.01 | 83 (20.4) | 77 (18.9) | 3.7 | 0.60 |
| Pass number of thrombectomy, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1, 2) | 40.8 | < 0.01 | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 1.4 | 0.79 |
| Emergency angioplasty/stenting | 45 (8.2) | 471 (39.1) | 78.1 | < 0.01 | 45 (11.1) | 57 (14.0) | 8.9 | 0.20 |
| Intra-arterial thrombolysis | 33 (6.0) | 111 (9.2) | 12.1 | 0.02 | 31 (7.6) | 31 (7.6) | 0.0 | 1.00 |
| Intra-procedural use of tirofiban | 201 (36.6) | 712 (59.1) | 46.3 | < 0.01 | 167 (41.0) | 186 (45.7) | 9.3 | 0.18 |
| Intra-procedural use of heparin | 251 (45.6) | 606 (50.3) | 9.3 | 0.07 | 187 (46.0) | 178 (43.7) | 4.5 | 0.53 |
| Onset-to-puncture time, median (IQR), min | 260 (195–370) | 325 (225–484) | 30.8 | < 0.01 | 284 (200–390) | 290 (210–410) | 6.0 | 0.22 |
| Puncture-to-recanalization time, median (IQR), min | 80 (50–120) | 89 (54–135) | 11.2 | 0.01 | 79 (50–120) | 87 (53–128) | 5.3 | 0.19 |
Abbreviations: AF atrial fibrillation, ASPECTS Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, IQR interquartile range, mRS modified Rankin Scale, NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, pc-ASPECTS posterior circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, SD standardized difference
Values are numbers with percentages in parentheses, unless indicated otherwise
aASPECTS for anterior circulation stroke, and pc-ASPECTS for posterior circulation stroke
bincluding anterior cerebral artery A1/A2 segments, posterior cerebral artery P1 segment