Table 3.

Predictors of Adolescent COVID-19–Related Mental Health Outcomes During COVID-19 Pandemic

Outcome	Survey Time Point	Factors/Covariates	Estimate	SE	df	t	Uncorrected p Value	FDR p Value
COVID-19 Worry	Surveys 1–3	ACEs	0.013	0.010	12,230	1.11	.27	.57
		Time	−0.061	0.012	8233	−5.06	<.001
		ACE × time	−0.00094	0.0039	8225	−0.24	.81	.85
		Race
		Asian American	0.29	0.074	4336	3.94	<.001
		Black	0.40	0.047	4661	8.579	<.001
		Other/multiracial	0.099	0.034	4709	2.90	.004
		Ethnicity	0.14	0.085	10,190	1.61	.02
		ACE × race
		Asian American	0.068	0.077	12,500	0.87	.38	.67
		Black	0.071	0.034	12,350	2.08	.037	.19
		Other/multiracial	−0.016	0.025	12,400	−0.66	.51	.67
		ACE × ethnicity	−0.0011	0.026	12,310	−0.043	.97	.97
		ACE × race × time
		Asian American	−0.029	0.030	7455	−1.09	.28	.57
		Black	−0.039	0.014	8817	−2.75	.006a	.049
		Other/multiracial	0.011	0.010	8053	1.12	.26	.57
		ACE × ethnicity × time	0.0040	0.011	8347	0.369	.71	.85
COVID-19 Stress	Survey 2	ACEs	0.033	0.010	3857	3.19	.001a	.018
		Race
		Asian American	−0.036	0.10	3230	−0.35	.73
		Black	0.30	0.069	3278	4.41	<.001
		Other/multiracial	0.16	0.050	3416	3.167	.002
		Ethnicity	0.11	0.083	2763	1.32	.19
		ACE × race
		Asian American	−0.016	0.069	3902	−0.23	.82	.85
		Black	−0.024	0.031	3910	−0.78	.44	.68
		Other/multiracial	0.013	0.023	3815	0.56	.58	.77
		ACE × ethnicity	−0.018	0.025	3824	−0.73	.47	.69
Impact of Virus Fears	Surveys 1 and 3	ACEs	0.091	0.019	6334	4.79	<.001b	<.001
		Time	−0.096	0.035	4400	−2.70	.007
		ACE × time	−0.022	0.012	4317	−1.93	.053	.19
		Race
		Asian American	−0.069	0.097	3443	−0.72	.47
		Black	0.098	0.063	3886	1.57	.12
		Other/multiracial	0.095	0.046	4007	2.09	.037
		Ethnicity	−0.0046	0.16	5801	−0.03	.98
		ACE × race
		Asian American	0.080	0.14	5550	0.55	.58	.77
		Black	−0.017	0.066	6221	−0.26	.80	.85
		Other/multiracial	0.11	0.047	5833	2.32	.02	.13
		ACE × ethnicity	0.052	0.050	6003	1.05	.29	.57
		ACE × race × time
		Asian American	−0.033	0.088	3650	−0.37	.71	.85
		Black	−0.046	0.041	4818	−1.11	.27	.57
		Other/multiracial	−0.059	0.029	4155	−2.00	.045	.19
		ACE × ethnicity × time	−0.040	0.032	4502	−1.25	.21	.57

ACE, adverse childhood experience; FDR, false discovery rate.

^ap < .05; p value remained significant after corrections.

^bp < .001; p value remained significant after corrections.