Table 3.
Factors of ED stratified by variables listed in the table by using multivariable Cox regression
| PTSD | With | Without | With vs. without (reference) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stratified | Event | PYs | Rate (per 105 PYs) | Event | PYs | Rate (per 105 PYs) | Adjusted HR | 95% CI | 95% CI | P |
| Total | 5 | 10,508.98 | 47.58 | 3 | 33,224.39 | 9.03 | 12.898 | 2.453 | 67.811 | 0.003 |
| Age group (years) | ||||||||||
| 20–39 | 3 | 4533.90 | 66.17 | 0 | 10,458.58 | 0.00 | ∞ | – | – | 0.995 |
| ≥ 40 | 2 | 5975.08 | 33.47 | 3 | 22,765.80 | 13.18 | 6.245 | 1.198 | 32.687 | 0.002 |
| Insured premium (NT$) | ||||||||||
| < 18,000 | 5 | 10,375.92 | 48.19 | 3 | 32,687.78 | 9.18 | 12.898 | 2.453 | 67.811 | 0.003 |
| 18,000–34,999 | 0 | 129.16 | 0.00 | 0 | 402.26 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| ≥ 35,000 | 0 | 3.89 | 0.00 | 0 | 134.34 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| Dementia | ||||||||||
| Without | 5 | 10,474.83 | 47.73 | 3 | 33,104.41 | 9.06 | 12.898 | 2.453 | 67.811 | 0.003 |
| With | 0 | 34.15 | 0.00 | 0 | 119.97 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| Schizophrenia | ||||||||||
| Without | 5 | 9605.58 | 52.05 | 3 | 30,821.27 | 9.73 | 12.898 | 2.453 | 67.811 | 0.003 |
| With | 0 | 903.40 | 0.00 | 0 | 2403.12 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| Anxiety | ||||||||||
| Without | 1 | 10,327.00 | 9.68 | 1 | 32,922.36 | 3.04 | 7.804 | 1.424 | 41.027 | 0.014 |
| With | 4 | 181.98 | 2198.00 | 2 | 302.03 | 662.19 | 18.191 | 3.569 | 72.774 | < 0.001 |
| Bipolar disorder | ||||||||||
| Without | 2 | 9853.89 | 20.30 | 2 | 32,389.69 | 6.17 | 8.046 | 1.530 | 42.306 | 0.007 |
| With | 3 | 655.09 | 457.95 | 1 | 834.70 | 119.80 | 13.978 | 3.121 | 89.193 | < 0.001 |
| Depression | ||||||||||
| Without | 1 | 9699.42 | 10.31 | 1 | 31,603.57 | 3.16 | 7.975 | 1.517 | 41.995 | 0.012 |
| With | 4 | 809.56 | 494.10 | 2 | 1620.82 | 123.39 | 19.911 | 3.697 | 101.454 | < 0.001 |
| Stroke | ||||||||||
| Without | 5 | 9852.17 | 50.75 | 3 | 31,397.33 | 9.55 | 12.898 | 2.453 | 67.811 | 0.003 |
| With | 0 | 656.81 | 0.00 | 0 | 1827.05 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| Coronary artery disease | ||||||||||
| Without | 5 | 9770.07 | 51.18 | 2 | 30,978.06 | 6.46 | 18.795 | 3.685 | 98.975 | 0.001 |
| With | 0 | 738.91 | 0.00 | 1 | 2,246.33 | 44.52 | 0.000 | - | - | 0.898 |
| Hypertension | ||||||||||
| Without | 5 | 9770.07 | 51.18 | 3 | 30,978.06 | 9.68 | 18.795 | 3.685 | 98.975 | 0.001 |
| With | 0 | 738.91 | 0.00 | 0 | 2246.33 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||||||
| Without | 5 | 9632.65 | 51.91 | 2 | 28,166.68 | 7.10 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
| With | 0 | 876.33 | 0.00 | 1 | 5057.71 | 19.77 | 0.000 | – | – | |
| Asthma | ||||||||||
| Without | 5 | 10,481.74 | 47.70 | 3 | 32,871.27 | 9.13 | 18.795 | 3.685 | 98.975 | 0.001 |
| With | 0 | 27.24 | 0.00 | 0 | 353.12 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| Alcohol-related diseases | ||||||||||
| Without | 5 | 9663.48 | 51.74 | 3 | 31,260.49 | 9.60 | 18.795 | 3.685 | 98.975 | 0.001 |
| With | 0 | 845.50 | 0.00 | 0 | 1963.90 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| CCI_R | ||||||||||
| 0 | 4 | 8437.56 | 47.41 | 2 | 25,127.98 | 7.96 | 14.498 | 2.775 | 77.045 | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 1 | 1208.07 | 82.78 | 0 | 3296.20 | 0.00 | ∞ | – | – | 0.999 |
| 2 | 0 | 122.52 | 0.00 | 1 | 1097.72 | 91.10 | 0.000 | – | – | 0.897 |
| 3 | 0 | 403.61 | 0.00 | 0 | 2122.11 | 0.00 | – | – | – | - |
| ≥ 4 | 0 | 337.22 | 0.00 | 0 | 1580.38 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| Antidepressants | ||||||||||
| Without | 0 | 1248.79 | 0.00 | 1 | 29,780.20 | 3.36 | 0.000 | – | – | 0.986 |
| 1–364 days | 2 | 4054.91 | 49.32 | 0 | 1779.27 | 0.00 | ∞ | – | – | 0.782 |
| ≥ 365 days | 3 | 5205.29 | 57.63 | 2 | 1664.92 | 120.13 | 1.179 | 0.223 | 6.174 | 0.798 |
| SSRI | ||||||||||
| Without | 4 | 1379.70 | 289.92 | 2 | 29,897.01 | 6.69 | 106.254 | 20.174 | 559.784 | < 0.001 |
| 1–364 days | 0 | 4103.81 | 0.00 | 0 | 1897.04 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| ≥ 365 days | 1 | 5025.47 | 19.90 | 1 | 1430.33 | 69.91 | 0.765 | 0.124 | 3.687 | 0.594 |
| SNRI | ||||||||||
| Without | 4 | 1349.01 | 296.51 | 2 | 29,901.12 | 6.69 | 108.513 | 20.634 | 570.501 | < 0.001 |
| 1–364 days | 1 | 4098.91 | 24.40 | 1 | 1796.78 | 55.66 | 1.073 | 0.199 | 5.687 | 0.751 |
| ≥ 365 days | 0 | 5061.06 | 0.00 | 0 | 1526.48 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| Other antidepressants | ||||||||||
| Without | 0 | 1309.10 | 0.00 | 2 | 28,965.87 | 6.90 | 0.000 | – | – | 0.897 |
| 1–364 days | 3 | 4077.91 | 73.57 | 0 | 2015.50 | 0.00 | ∞ | – | – | 0.989 |
| ≥ 365 days | 2 | 5121.97 | 39.05 | 1 | 2243.01 | 44.58 | 2.114 | 0.408 | 11.277 | 0.735 |
| Sedative/hypnotics | ||||||||||
| Without | 0 | 1409.78 | 0.00 | 1 | 27,989.45 | 3.57 | 0.000 | – | – | 0.998 |
| 1–364 days | 2 | 4813.10 | 41.55 | 0 | 2695.02 | 0.00 | ∞ | – | – | 0.975 |
| ≥ 365 days | 3 | 4286.10 | 69.99 | 2 | 2539.92 | 78.74 | 2.176 | 0.414 | 11.438 | 0.762 |
| Antipsychotics | ||||||||||
| Without | 0 | 1698.91 | 0.00 | 1 | 28,750.12 | 3.48 | 0.000 | – | – | 0.897 |
| 1–364 days | 2 | 4340.11 | 46.08 | 1 | 2245.78 | 44.53 | 2.533 | 0.482 | 13.601 | 0.513 |
| ≥ 365 days | 3 | 4469.96 | 67.11 | 1 | 2228.48 | 44.87 | 3.661 | 0.689 | 19.265 | 0.772 |
| Urbanization level | ||||||||||
| 1 (the highest) | 2 | 3141.06 | 63.67 | 2 | 9110.76 | 21.95 | 7.101 | 1.354 | 37.301 | 0.021 |
| 2 | 3 | 4877.23 | 61.51 | 0 | 14,053.73 | 0.00 | ∞ | – | – | 0.986 |
| 3 | 0 | 1034.04 | 0.00 | 1 | 3281.11 | 30.48 | 0.000 | – | – | 0.887 |
| 4 (the lowest) | 0 | 1456.64 | 0.00 | 0 | 6778.79 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| Levels of hospitals | ||||||||||
| Hospital center | 3 | 3498.68 | 85.75 | 2 | 10,247.28 | 19.52 | 10.789 | 2.049 | 56.535 | < 0.001 |
| Regional hospital | 2 | 4968.42 | 40.25 | 0 | 15,631.31 | 0.00 | ∞ | – | – | 0.964 |
| Local hospital | 0 | 2041.88 | 0.00 | 1 | 7345.80 | 13.61 | 0.000 | – | – | 0.997 |
NT$ New Taiwan Dollars, PYs person-years, adjusted HR adjusted hazard ratio: adjusted for the variables listed in Table 1, P Chi-square/Fisher exact test on category variables and t-test on continue variables, CI confidence interval, CCI_R Charlson Comorbidity Index, SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SNRI selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor