Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics among Patients Surviving to Hospital Discharge
| Characteristic | All Patients Surviving to Hospital Discharge (n = 10,396) |
Propensity Score–matched Cohort (n = 5,936) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delirium (n = 5,568) | No Delirium (n = 4,828) | Delirium (n = 2,968) | No Delirium (n = 2,968) | |
| Patient characteristics on ICU admission | ||||
| Age,* yr, median (IQR) | 57 (45–68) | 59 (45–69) | 58 (44–69) | 59 (44–69) |
| Sex, M,* n (%) | 3,330 (59.8) | 2,678 (55.5) | 1,710 (57.6) | 1,706 (57.5) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes* | 1,455 (26.1) | 1,269 (26.3) | 793 (26.7) | 780 (26.3) |
| Chronic lung disease* | 1,017 (18.3) | 887 (18.4) | 541 (18.2) | 557 (18.8) |
| Chronic kidney disease* | 301 (5.4) | 253 (5.2) | 166 (5.6) | 158 (5.3) |
| Liver disease* | 526 (9.4) | 275 (5.7) | 202 (6.8) | 218 (7.3) |
| Cancer* | 519 (9.3) | 715 (14.8) | 348 (11.7) | 355 (12.0) |
| Chronic heart or peripheral vascular disease* | 1,011 (18.2) | 876 (18.1) | 513 (17.3) | 538 (18.1) |
| Neurological disease | 543 (9.8) | 215 (4.5) | 199 (6.7) | 184 (6.2) |
| Charlson category, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 1,979 (35.5) | 1,723 (35.7) | 1,135 (38.2) | 1,044 (35.2) |
| 1 | 1,212 (21.8) | 1,041 (21.6) | 616 (20.8) | 669 (22.5) |
| ⩾2 | 2,377 (42.7) | 2,064 (42.8) | 1,217 (41.0) | 1,255 (42.3) |
| Admission type,* † n (%) | ||||
| Elective surgery | 277 (5.0) | 543 (11.5) | 226 (7.6) | 241 (8.1) |
| Emergent surgery | 917 (16.6) | 970 (20.6) | 597 (20.1) | 591 (19.9) |
| No surgery | 4,342 (78.4) | 3,202 (67.9) | 2,145 (72.3) | 2,136 (72.0) |
| Admission reason,‡ n (%) | ||||
| Medical | 3,535 (63.9) | 2,844 (60.4) | 1,783 (60.2) | 1,869 (63.0) |
| Neurological | 413 (7.5) | 162 (3.4) | 198 (6.7) | 129 (4.3) |
| Surgical | 1,049 (19.0) | 1,490 (31.6) | 730 (24.6) | 801 (27.0) |
| Trauma | 535 (9.7) | 213 (4.5) | 253 (8.5) | 167 (5.6) |
| Location before ICU admission, n (%) | ||||
| Emergency | 2,959 (53.1) | 2,126 (44.0) | 1,488 (50.1) | 1,355 (45.7) |
| Interfacility | 155 (2.8) | 135 (2.8) | 77 (2.6) | 86 (2.9) |
| Operating or recovery room | 1,006 (18.1) | 1,339 (27.7) | 698 (23.5) | 736 (24.8) |
| Other | 218 (3.9) | 193 (4.0) | 106 (3.6) | 114 (3.8) |
| Hospital ward | 1,230 (22.1) | 1,035 (21.4) | 599 (20.2) | 677 (22.8) |
| SOFA score, median (IQR) | 7 (5–10) | 5 (3–7) | 6 (4–8) | 5 (3–8) |
| APACHE II score,* median (IQR) | 20 (16–26) | 16 (11–21) | 18 (14–23) | 18 (13–23) |
| Interventions received in ICU | ||||
| Invasively ventilated,* n (%) | 4,389 (78.8) | 2,379 (49.3) | 1,963 (66.1) | 1,934 (65.2) |
| Noninvasive mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 764 (13.7) | 657 (13.6) | 336 (11.3) | 439 (14.8) |
| Vasoactive medications,* n (%) | 2,839 (51.0) | 1,579 (32.7) | 1,196 (40.3) | 1,151 (38.8) |
| Continuous renal replacement therapy,* n (%) | 389 (7.0) | 79 (1.6) | 95 (3.2) | 75 (2.5) |
| Patient characteristics on ICU discharge | ||||
| Discharge SOFA score, median (IQR) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) |
| ICU length of stay, d,* median (IQR) | 5.9 (3.3–11.0) | 2.8 (1.9–4.7) | 3.9 (2.4–6.1) | 3.7 (2.2–5.8) |
| Patient characteristics on hospital discharge | ||||
| Hospital length of stay, d, median (IQR) | 18.2 (9.3–38.5) | 9.7 (5.2–19.1) | 13.9 (7.0–28.8) | 11.4 (6.0–21.9) |
| Hospital discharge disposition,§ n (%) | ||||
| Transferred to acute care inpatient institution | 1,241 (22.3) | 730 (15.1) | 589 (19.9) | 516 (17.4) |
| Transferred to continuing care | 461 (8.3) | 158 (3.3) | 223 (7.5) | 111 (3.7) |
| Transferred to otherǁ | 48 (0.9) | 25 (0.5) | 22 (0.7) | 16 (0.5) |
| Discharged to home or a home setting with support services | 836 (15.0) | 712 (14.8) | 441 (14.9) | 455 (15.4) |
| Discharged home with no support service from an external agency required | 2,971 (53.5) | 3,198 (66.3) | 1,689 (57.0) | 1,866 (63.3) |
| Hospital characteristics | ||||
| Teaching hospital, n (%) | 4,805 (86.3) | 3,768 (78.0) | 2,531 (85.3) | 2,397 (80.8) |
| ⩾600 hospital beds, n (%) | 3,670 (65.9) | 2,732 (56.6) | 1,909 (64.3) | 1,754 (59.1) |
| ⩾20 ICU beds, n (%) | 3,318 (59.6) | 2,408 (49.9) | 1,731 (58.3) | 1,544 (52.0) |
| ICU occupancy ⩾80%, n (%) | 4,388 (78.8) | 3,489 (72.3) | 2,301 (77.5) | 2,193 (73.9) |
Definition of abbreviations: APACHE II = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; IQR = interquartile range; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
*
Variable included in propensity score.
†
145 patients missing data.
‡
155 patients missing data.
§
Data unknown for 16 patients.
ǁ
Includes emergency and ambulatory care (day surgery and clinics) in another facility or within the same reporting facility, palliative care facility or hospice, addiction treatment center, jails, and infants/children discharged to a social agency.