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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer J. 2021 Sep-Oct;27(5):386–394. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000550

Figure 1. Overview of tumor metabolism and therapeutic strategies to target metabolic activity in HGGs.

Figure 1.

Blue arrows indicate biochemical conversions, metabolic pathway steps, or positive regulation; peach arrows with flat heads indicate inhibition or negative regulation; green boxes indicate metabolic enzymes; violet boxes indicate mutant enzymes; yellow boxes indicate general processes; pink boxes indicate chemical agents that can disrupt metabolism and are used clinically or undergoing preclinical studies. Abbreviations used: 2DG, 2-deoxyglucose; 3-BrOP, 3-bromo-2-oxopropionate-1-propyl ester; 3-BrPA, 3-bromopyruvate; AEO, anhydrous enol-oxaloacetate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; BCAT, branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase; ETC, electron transport chain; FDG, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-glucose; GLS, glutaminase; HR, homologous recombination; IDHwt/mt, isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype/mutant; LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MPA, mycophenolic acid; NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; ROS, reactive oxygen species; α-KG, α-ketoglutarate.