FIGURE 7:

Simulation of a closed-loop step-change in response to exogenous perturbation with (A) or without (B) neural acceleration while the gain of baroreflex is changed from one to three. The magnitude of exogenous step perturbation is one mmHg. Attenuation of pressure changes in response to exogenous perturbation becomes larger with an increased gain of baroreflex, whereas response becomes increasingly oscillatory at a higher gain, indicating instability of the system. Step response at gain 2.0 with the neural acceleration revealed a quick and stable response (bold line in A). In contrast, step response without acceleration showed a slow and undershooting response in arterial pressure (bold line in B), indicating instability of the system. Reproduced with permission (236).