Table 1.

Applications of modern separation strategies for rapid screening of natural TYR inhibitors.

Methods	Source	Source of TYR	Active ingredients	References
UF-HPLC/MS	Pueraria lobata Ohwi	Unknown	3′-Hydroxypuerarin1#, Puerarin2, Puerarin-6''-O-xyloside33, Daidzin34, Genistin35, 6''-O-acetyldaidzin36, Daidzein37	11
	Semen Oroxyli	Mushroom	Oroxin B3, Kaempferide-3-O-β-D-gentiobioside4, Chrysin-7-O-β-D-gentiobioside5, Oroxin A6, Chrysin-7-O-β- D-glucuronid7, Baicalein8, Chrysin9	12
	Xanthii fructus	Mushroom	Protocatechuic acqid82, 3,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid57, 1,5-Di-O-caffeoyluinic acid58, Chlorogenic acid59	13
	Mulberry leaves	Mushroom	Quercetin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-β-D glucopyranoside14, Neochlorogenic acid, Kaempferol-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside15, Chlorogenic acid59, Cryptochlorogenic acid60, 3,4-Dicaffeorylquinic acid61, 3,5-Dicaffeorylquinic acid62, 4,5-Dicaffeorylquinic acid63, Rutin16, Isoquercitrin17, Astragalin18, Kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranoside19	14
	Puerariae lobatae radix	Unknown	Puerarin2, Mirificin38, Daidzin34, Genistinc39	15
UF-HSCCC-HPLC	Otholobium pubescens (Poir.) J.W. Grimes	Mushroom	Daidzin34, Isoorientin10, Vitexin11, Isovitexin12, Isoorientin 3′-methyl ether13, Daidzein37, Genistein, 3-(5-Hydroxybenzofuran-6-yl) propanoic acid94	16
	Gastrodia elata	Mushroom	12-15 Heneicosadienoic acid, Octadecanoic acid, 2-Hydroxylpropyl esters119, 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-Methylpropanal120, 4,4'-Dihydroxybenzylsulfid121, Octadecanoic acid, 2-Hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester122, 9-Octadecenamide, (trans-)95, 9-Octadecenamide, (cis-)96, 4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenyl ether64, 4-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenyl)Phenol65, 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl ester117, 4,4'-Dimethoxydiphenylmethane118, 4,4’-Methylenediphenol66, 2,4-Bis(4-hydroxybenzyl) phenol67,4-Hydroxybenzyl methyl ether68	17
	Mango leaves	Mushroom	Gallic acid78, Iriflophenone 3-C-glucoside97, Mangiferin46, Protocatechuic acid82, Iriflophenone 3-C-(2'-O-galloyl)-glucoside98, 6'-O-Galloyl-mangiferin47, Maclurin 3-C-(2'-O- p-hydroxybenzoyl)-glucoside99, Iriflophenone 3-C-(2',6'- di-O-galloyl)-glucoside100, Hyperoside20, Isoquercitrin17, Ethyl gallate79, Iriflophenone 3-C-(2'-O- p-hydroxybenzoyl)-glucoside101, Quercetin-3-O-xyloside21, 3-O-Galloyl shikimic acid75, 3-O-Galloyl quinic acid69, Maclurin 3-C-(2'-O-galloyl)-glucoside102, 3,5-Di-O-galloyl quinic acid70, 5-O-Digalloyl quinic acid71, Digallic acid80, Isomangiferin48, 1,4,6-Tri-O-galloyl glucoside72, Maclurin 3-C-(2',3'- di-O-galloyl)-glucoside, 1,3-Digalleoyl acetone113, 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-galloyl glucoside73, 6'-O-(p-Hydroxybenzoyl) mangiferin49, Epicatechin gallate76, 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl glucoside74, Iriflophenone 3-C-(2',3',6'- tri-O-galloyl)-glucoside104, Luteolin-7-O-glucoside22, Quercetin-3-O-arapyranoside23, Quercetin-3-O-arafuranoside24, Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside25, Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside26, Ethyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3-galloyl Oxybenzoate, Ethyl digallate81, 7-O-Methyl quercetin-3- O-rhamnoside27	18
	Glycyrrhiza uralensis root	Mushroom	Liquiritin apioside50, Neolicuroside83, Liquiritigenin51, Liquorice saponin G2105, Chrysoeriol52, Dihydrodaidzein53, Formononetin55, Glycyrrhisoflavanone54, Glycyrrhizic acid, Licoarylcoumarin40, Pratensein56	19
IMF-HPLC-MS	Glycyrrhiza uralensis root	Mushroom	Liquiritin apioside50, Neolicuroside83, Liquiritigenin51, Liquorice saponin G2105, Chrysoeriol52, Dihydrodaidzein53, Formononetin55, Glycyrrhisoflavanone54, Glycyrrhizic acid, Licoarylcoumarin40, Pratensein56	19
MSPE-HPLC-MS	San-Bai decoction	Mushroom	Gallic acid78, Albiforin106, Paeoniforin107, Liquiritin apioside50, Liquiritin84, Galloylpaeoniflorin, Ononin85, Isoliquiritigenin, Glycyrrhizic acid,Oxypaeoniflora, Benzoylpaeoniflorin, Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin, Mudanpioside C, Paeonolide, Apiopaeonoside	20
TYR-AHF-HPLC-MS	Pueraria lobata	Mushroom	Puerarin-4′-O-glucoside41, 3′-Hydroxy puerarin42, Puerarin2, Puerarin-6′’-O-xyloside33, 3′-Methoxy puerarin42, Puerarin apioside43,Daidzein37	21
Off-line 2 D HPLC-MS/MS	Pueraria lobata	Mushroom	Puerarin2, Puerarin-6′’-O-xyloside33, Mirificin38	22
EMMA-CE	9 kinds of TCMS	Mushroom	–*	23
	21 kinds of TCMS	Mushroom	–	24
IMER-CE	Psoralea corylifolia	Mushroom	–	25
	Folium ginkgo	Mushroom	–
	19 kinds of natural extracts	Mushroom	–	26
(HP)TLC-autography	Glycyrrhiza glabra	Mushroom	Glabridin44	27
	Ganoderma formosanum	Mushroom	–	28
	sandalwood oil	Mushroom	α-Santalol112	29
	Rhodiola sacra	Mushroom	Naringenin45, 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-allylbenzene	30
	Calamagrostis viridiflavescens (Poir.)	Mushroom	Kojic acid114	31
	Cinnamomum cassia essential oil	Mushroom	Cinnamaldehyde115	32
HPLC-MS-EIA	Lavender flowers	Mushroom	5-Hydroxymethyl-furfural116	33
SER	Rheum officinale	Unknown	Emodin111, Veraphenol-4′-O-β-D- glycoside88, 1, 2, 6-Trihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) xanthone, 7-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy)propyl-5methyl-benzopyran-γ-one, 2-O-cinnamyl-galloyl glucose89, ω-Hydroxy aloe-emodin, l, 6-Digalloyl-2-cinnamon acyl glucose90, 1, 4, 5, 6-Tetrahydroxy-7, 8-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl) xanthone30, Emodin methyl ether109	34
	Salvia miltiorrhiza–Carthamus tinctorius	Agaricus bisporus	Protocatechuic aldehyde91, Hydroxysafor yellow A92, Tanshinone IIA108	35
	Morus alba root	Mushroom	Mulberrofuran G93, Kuwanon G31, Kuwanon H32	36

*: Without active compounds; ^#: the compound No. in Table 1S.