Fig. 6. Three-dimensional (3D) diagram of the trajectories of proto-CAIs, in ¹⁰Be/⁹Be, Δ⁵¹V = δ⁵¹V − δ⁵¹V_init (‰), and time (years) space, in the case of in situ irradiation at 0.1 AU.

Irradiation by gradual and impulsive flares is shown in panel (A) and panel (B), respectively. The difference trajectories of CAIs, which all reach the canonical ¹⁰Be/⁹Be of ~8 × 10⁻⁴ (black dots), are controlled by their distinct abundances of target elements for cosmogenic production (Supplementary Materials). Note that all of these six CAIs plot on the δ⁵¹V versus δ⁸⁸Sr correlation line (Fig. 1). The permissible range of δ⁵¹V variation (~0.2‰) is represented by the gray area. Dashed arrows show the general direction of ¹⁰Be and ⁵⁰V irradiative production. 2D projections of (A) and (B) are provided in the Supplementary Materials to facilitate readability.