Table 1.

Glycaemic targets for most adults with type 1 diabetes

Variable	Target value
HbA1c	<53 mmol/mol (<7.0%)
GMI	<53 mmol/mol (<7.0%)
Preprandial glucose	4.4–7.2 mmol/l (80–130 mg/dl)
1–2 h postprandial glucosea	<10.0 mmol/l (<180 mg/dl)
TIR	>70%
TBR
Readings and time  < 3.9 mmol/l (<70 mg/dl; Level 1 and Level 2 hypoglycaemia)b	<4%
Readings and time  < 3.0 mmol/l (<54 mg/dl; Level 2 hypoglycaemia)b	<1%
Time above range
Readings and time  > 10.0 mmol/l (>180 mg/dl; Level 1 and Level 2 hyperglycaemia)c	<25%
Readings and time  > 13.9 mmol/l (>250 mg/dl; Level 2 hyperglycaemia)c	<5%
Glycaemic variability (%CV)d	≤36%

All glycaemic targets should be individualised and agreed with the person with diabetes. Lower or higher targets may be appropriate according to individual characteristics

^aA postprandial glucose target of <7.8 mmol/l (<140 mg/dl) may be recommended if this can be achieved safely. Higher targets in those with limited life expectancy or where the harms of treatment are greater than the benefits are recommended. In some individuals at notably higher risk for Level 3 hypoglycaemia, it may be necessary to increase the glucose target range to decrease the TBR

^bLevel 1 hypoglycaemia is defined as blood glucose levels <3.9 to ≥3.0 mmol/l (<70 to ≥54 mg/dl); Level 2 hypoglycaemia is defined as blood glucose levels <3.0 mmol/l (<54 mg/dl)

^cLevel 1 hyperglycaemia is defined as blood glucose levels >10.0 to ≤13.9 mmol/l (>180 to ≤250 mg/dl); Level 2 hyperglycaemia is defined as blood glucose levels >13.9 mmol/l (>250 mg/dl)

^dSome studies suggest that lower %CV targets (<33%) provide additional protection against hypoglycaemia