Table 3.

ESM + EMD analysis result for 16 Districts in Beijing.

District Name	Abnormal Travel Rate (AT)	Average Abnormal Travel Rate (AAT)	Sig. Two-tailed（P-value）
Changping Dist.	−7.531077193	−21.52%	0.000***
Chaoyang Dist.	−4.878891757	−13.94%	0.000***
Daxing Dist.	−6.055480207	−17.30%	0.000***
Dongcheng Dist.	−7.00047346	−20.00%	0.000***
Fangshang Dist.	−10.87323249	−31.07%	0.000***
Fengtai Dist.	−15.505	−44.30%	0.000***
Haidian Dist.	−15.26172735	−43.60%	0.000***
Huairou Dist.	−2.094791421	−5.99%	0.000***
Mengtougou Dist.	−9.5823562	−27.38%	0.000***
Miyun Dist.	−9.479246297	−27.08%	0.000***
Pinggu Dist.	0.450861732	1.29%	0.000***
Shingjingshan Dist.	−8.447487903	−24.14%	0.000***
Shunyi Dist.	−8.608088075	−24.59%	0.000***
Tongzhou Dist.	−4.836302224	−13.82%	0.000***
Xicheng Dist.	−12.90058944	−36.86%	0.000***
Yanqin Dist.	−5.281059367	−15.09%	0.000***
Overall	−3.028768057	−8.65%	0.000***

Note: *** represents significance at 99% confidence level.