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. 2021 Jun 9;406(6):1739–1749. doi: 10.1007/s00423-021-02225-6

Table 5.

Number of patients in which ultrasound (US) was used to exactly localize the vein. Not US indicates patients in which the vein (both surgical or percutaneous) has been approached using anatomical landmarks

Number articles Number implanted Surgical technique Percutaneous technique US % Not US %
Surgical technique 7 2143 2143 2143 100.0%
Percutaneous technique 23 12,399 12,399 6636 53.5% 5763 46.5%
Both techniques 7 2954 710 2244 1333 45.1% 1621 54.9%
37 17,496 2853 14,643 7969 45.8% 9527 54.2%