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. 2021 Apr 29;12(5):485–493. doi: 10.1007/s13239-021-00537-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Flow chart illustrating the test group protocol. Time $t = 0$ starts at the instance of WLST. The noradrenaline “safety” controller is activated during the first $3 min$ following WLST, in order to avoid hypotension in case of low nitroglycerine tolerance. If the heart rate exceeded 110 bpm between WLST and circulatory collapse, an additional bolus of esmolol and nimodipine was given.