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. 2021 Sep 29;11:19373. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98873-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparisons in mean arteries diameter (MAD), mean veins diameter (MVD) at baseline and 6 months later and difference from baseline to follow-up (Δ Diameter) between severe COVID-19 patients, non-severe COVID-19 and subjects unexposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. At baseline MAD was higher in COVID-19 patients with a significant difference between severe COVID-19 and subjects unexposed to the virus (A). Six months later (B) MAD had reduced in both non-severe and severe COVID-19 patients but the arteries remained significantly thicker in severe COVID-19 compared to unexposed subjects. The reduction (Δ Diameter) was significantly higher in both severe and non-severe patients compared to controls. However the amount of change did not vary between severe and non-severe patients (C). At baseline MVD was significantly higher in both severe and non-severe patients compared to unexposed subjects (D). Six months later the difference remained significant only for severe cases (E). Similarly to what happened with MAD, the reduction (Δ Diameter) was significantly higher both in severe and non-severe patients compared to controls. However the amount of change did not vary between severe and non-severe patients (F). Comparisons are averaged through a multiple linear regression analysis over the levels of age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, systemic hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, dyslipidemia and history of coronary disease/stroke. p values for contrasts are also adjusted with a Bonferroni correction for 3 tests.