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. 2021 Sep 29;11:19268. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98948-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Tan-IIA can inhibit the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. (A–C) Tan-IIA at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30 µg/mL was added to fresh medium and co-cultured with Cholangiocarcinoma cells for 24 h. Next, the protein expression levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, p-Akt, and p-mTOR were measured using western blots. (D–F) After the addition of 740y-p (10 µg/mL) to the system in which Tan-IIA (24 h IC50 concentration) and Cholangiocarcinoma cells were co-cultured. The inhibitory effect of Tan-IIA on PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway was diminished under the influence of PI3K agonists. Compared with control, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001.