Table 1.
General characteristics of participants according to the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome.
| Variables | 2001 | 2007 | 2013 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic syndrome | No metabolic syndrome | P value2 | Metabolic syndrome | No metabolic syndrome | P value2 | Metabolic syndrome | No metabolic syndrome | P value2 | |
| Subjects (n) | 531 | 857 | 555 | 833 | 783 | 604 | |||
| Age (years) | 48.00 (42.00–56.00) | 44.00 (40.00–51.00) | < 0.0001 | 48.00 (42.00–56.00) | 44.00 (40.00–51.00) | < 0.0001 | 46.00 (41.00–53.00) | 44.00 (39.00–52.00) | 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.81 ± 4.02 | 26.00 ± 4.14 | < 0.0001 | 29.61 ± 4.05 | 26.50 ± 4.20 | < 0.0001 | 29.63 ± 4.34 | 26.04 ± 4.24 | < 0.0001 |
| WC (cm) | 104.63 ± 9.47 | 94.03 ± 10.90 | < 0.0001 | 99.40 ± 9.23 | 90.47 ± 11.13 | < 0.0001 | 102.20 ± 9.84 | 91.87 ± 10.37 | < 0.0001 |
| Male n (%) | 159 (29.90) | 515 (60.10) | < 0.0001 | 207 (37.30) | 467 (56.10) | < 0.0001 | 313 (40.00) | 361 (59.80) | < 0.0001 |
| Physically activity level | 11.00 (6.07–18.00) | 15.00 (9.00–21.00) | < 0.0001 | 12.00 (8.00–17.10) | 13.00 (9.00–18.00) | 0.003 | 10.00 (6.00–15.00) | 11.00 (7.00–17.00) | < 0.0001 |
| Educational level n (%) | |||||||||
| 0–5 years | 368 (69.60) | 453 (52.90) | < 0.0001 | 366 (66.10) | 463 (55.70) | < 0.0001 | 498 (63.00) | 315 (52.70) | < 0.0001 |
| 6–12 years | 136 (25.70) | 318 (37.10) | < 0.0001 | 150 (27.10) | 276 (33.20) | < 0.0001 | 225 (29.00) | 202 (33.80) | < 0.0001 |
| > 12 years | 25 (4.70) | 86 (10.00) | < 0.0001 | 38 (6.90) | 92 (11.10) | < 0.0001 | 62 (8.00) | 81 (13.50) | < 0.0001 |
| Current smokers n (%) | 39 (7.40) | 179 (20.90) | < 0.0001 | 56 (10.10) | 125 (15.10) | 0.007 | 82 (10.60) | 103 (17.1) | < 0.0001 |
| TC (mg/dl) | 233.73 ± 50.98 | 211.68 ± 50.59 | < 0.0001 | 218.32 ± 45.27 | 204.75 ± 39.69 | < 0.0001 | 200.13 ± 42.21 | 199.66 ± 39.25 | 0.829 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 43.00 (37.00–49.00) | 48.00 (41.00–56.00) | < 0.0001 | 41.00 (36.00–48.00) | 48.00 (41.00–56.00) | < 0.0001 | 40.00 (35.00–46.00) | 46.00 (40.00–53.00) | < 0.0001 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 140.85 ± 42.72 | 127.87 ± 41.66 | < 0.0001 | 131.79 ± 31.74 | 124.50 ± 28.69 | < 0.0001 | 111.50 ± 28.15 | 111.87 ± 27.14 | 0.808 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 214.00 (169.00–294.00) | 144.00 (106.00–211.00) | < 0.0001 | 199.00 (155.00–280.00) | 112.00 (80.00–154.00) | < 0.0001 | 167.00 (127.00–213.00) | 110.00 (87.00–137.00) | < 0.0001 |
| FBS (mg/dl) | 87.00 (76.00–102.00) | 78.00 (72.00–86.00) | < 0.0001 | 100.00 (89.00–122.00) | 88.00 (82.00–93.00) | < 0.0001 | 104.00 (93.00–124.00) | 91.00 (84.00–97.00) | < 0.0001 |
| SBP | 130.00 (113.00–140.00) | 110.00 (103.00–120.00) | < 0.0001 | 130.00 (120.00–140.00) | 120.00 (110.00–130.00) | < 0.0001 | 130.00 (120.00–143.00) | 120.00 (115.00–130.00) | < 0.0001 |
| DBP | 80.00 (75.00–90.00) | 73.00 (70.00–80.00) | < 0.0001 | 80.00 (80.00–87.00) | 80 (70–80) | < 0.0001 | 85.00 (80.00–90.00) | 80.00 (80.00–85.00) | < 0.0001 |
| History of HTN n(%) | 238 (44.80) | 90 (10.50) | < 0.0001 | 288 (51.90) | 169 (20.30) | < 0.0001 | 505 (64.50) | 168 (27.90) | < 0.0001 |
| History of Diabetes mellitus n(%) | 77 (14.50) | 19 (2.20) | < 0.0001 | 162 (29.20) | 34 (4.10) | < 0.0001 | 254 (32.50) | 29 (4.80) | < 0.0001 |
| History of Dyslipidemia (%) | 529 (99.60) | 713 (83.20) | < 0.0001 | 550 (99.10) | 626 (75.20) | < 0.0001 | 768 (98.10) | 448 (74.40) | < 0.0001 |
Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD, non-normal continuous variables were expressed as median (Q1–Q3) and categorical variables were expressed as frequency and percent.
BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, Triglyceride; FBS, Fasting blood sugar; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; HTN; hypertension.