Table 2.

Multilevel Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of Any and High-Value Industry Payments to Fellows

	Any industry payment		Industry payment > $1000
	Adjusted OR	P value	Adjusted OR	P value
Sex
Female	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Male	1.31 (1.06–1.63)	0.01	1.49 (1.04–2.14)	0.03
Program size
1 to 4 fellows	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
5 or more fellows	0.86 (0.66–1.12)	0.27	0.77 (0.51–1.18)	0.23
Industry payments to PD
No	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Yes	2.10 (1.50–2.95)	<0.001	3.38 (1.50–7.59)	<0.001
Top research internal medicine program^a
No	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Yes	0.48 (0.32–0.71)	<0.001	1.09 (0.57–2.09)	0.79
American Medical Student Association Conflict of Interest Score
C or lower	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
B	1.22 (0.65–2.31)	0.53	0.65 (0.28–1.49)	0.31
A	0.97 (0.49–1.89)	0.92	0.39 (0.15–1.02)	0.06
Specialty
Rheumatology	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Allergy & immunology	1.05 (0.55–2.03)	0.88	1.05 (0.29–3.72)	0.94
Cardiology	3.63 (2.17–6.08)	<0.001	6.44 (2.61–15.87)	<0.001
Endocrinology	1.34 (0.79–2.26)	0.28	0.66 (0.21–2.05)	0.48
Gastroenterology	3.40 (2.05–5.64)	<0.001	1.79 (0.73–4.42)	0.20
Infectious disease	0.48 (0.28–0.81)	0.01	0.16 (0.03–0.81)	0.03
Hematology & oncology	1.49 (0.91–2.46)	0.12	2.19 (0.86–5.56)	0.10
Pulmonology & critical care	1.03 (0.63–1.69)	0.89	1.43 (0.55–3.69)	0.46
Nephrology	0.89 (0.54–1.46)	0.63	0.24 (0.06–0.99)	.05

^aTop research internal medicine residency programs are defined as the top 15 ranked institutions by the Doximity research output metric which is determined by the h-index and number of grants awarded to recent fellow alumni