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. 2021 Sep 29;11:19328. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98580-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Altered mRNAs and related pathways in the human HF SAN. (a) Volcano plot (left) and heat map (right) of altered mRNAs in the HF human SAN; there are 599 mRNAs significantly downregulated and 232 mRNAs upregulated in the HF human SAN. (b) Bar graph shows NGS data of some significantly altered genes related to SAN dysfunction. (c) IPA shows the most common diseases and disorders and the top molecular and cellular functions that are related to the significantly altered mRNAs in the HF human SAN. Plots and heat maps were generated with R 3.6.3.