Figure 5.

Key biomarkers of gut microbiota between each group. (A) Taxonomy analysis; (B) LEfSe analysis; (C) Relative abundance at phylum level; (D) Relative abundance at the phylum level between three groups; (E) Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio (n = 6, means ± SEM); (F) Correlation analyses between metabolic parameters and relative abundance of gut microbiota at phylum level. ^*p < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001 DKD group vs. the control group; ^#p < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 QRXZF group vs. the DKD group; Colors ranged from blue to red, where blue indicates negative correlation and red indicates positive correlation. Significant correlations were marked by ^*p < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01.