Table 1.
Mechanisms of SOCS action on cytokine signaling in immune cells.
| SOCS protein | Mechanism of action | Cytokine | STAT | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOCS1 | JAK inhibition | IFN-γ | STAT1 | (32) |
| IFN-α/β | STAT1/2 | (33) | ||
| IL-12 | STAT4 | (34) | ||
| IL-2,7,15,21 | STAT5 | (35–37) | ||
| IL-4 | STAT6 | (38) | ||
| Competitive binding | IL-2,15 | STAT5 | (39) | |
| SOCS2 | JAK inhibition | IL-2,15 | STAT5 | (40, 41) |
| IL-3, GM-CSF | STAT5 | (42) | ||
| IL-4 | STAT6 | (40) | ||
| SOCS3 | JAK inhibition | IL-6, 23, G-CSF | STAT3 | (43–45) |
| Degradation/re-routing | IL-12 | STAT4 | (46) | |
| G-CSF | STAT3 | (47) | ||
| CISH | Competitive binding | IL-12 | STAT5 | (48) |
| Degradation/re-routing | IL-15 | STAT5 | (49) | |
| IL-3, GM-CSF | STAT5 | (50) | ||
| ? | IL-4,13 | STAT6 | (51) | |
| SOCS5 | Competitive binding | IL-4 | STAT6 | (52) |
| SOCS4,6,7 | ? | ? | ? |
?, not known.