Table 2.

Mechanism of action with MSCs and EVs on B cell.

Cell type	Immune cell	Mechanism	Effect	Reference
BM-MSC	B cell	inhibition of BAFF production	suppress the excessive activation of B-cells	(76)
MSCs	B cell	directly contacting with T cells	inhibit B cell differentiation, maturation,	(77)
MSCs	B cell	by depleting tryptophan in the inflammatory microenvironment of human body	inhibits the proliferation, excessive activation and maturation of B cells	(78)
MSC	Breg cell	through SDF-1-CXCR7 axis	increased regulation B (Breg)	(77)
MSC-EVs miRNA-155-5p	B cell	targeting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway	inhibit activation of B cell	(79)
MSC	B cell	increased expression of CCL2 by CCL2-MST1-mTOR-STAT1 mediated metabolic signaling pathway	prevent inhibition differentiation, proliferation, and antibody secretion of B-cell	(80)
MSC	B cell	inhibit expression of maturation protein-1	inhibit B cells terminal differentiation	(81)
GMSCs	B cell	targeting of CD39-CD73 signaling pathway	suppressing B cells and produce autoantibodies	(82)

MSC, Mesenchymal stem cells; BM-MSC, bone marrow Mesenchymal stem cells; GMSC, gingiva derived MSCs; SDF-1-CXCR7, Stromal-derived factor-1 and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor-7; Breg, regulation B cell; CCL2, chemokine CC motif ligand 2; CCL2-MST1-mTOR-STAT1, chemokine CC motif ligand 2-mammalian Sterile 20-like kinase 1- media Time of Repair-signal transducerand activator of transcription 1.