Table 3.
Mechanism of action with MSCs and EVs on DC cell.
| Cell type | Immune cell | Mechanism | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSC-Exo | tol-DCs | induces more tolerance DCs (tol-DCs) with low expression of costimulatory markers | increased anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β expression but decreased IL-6 expression, promotes the differentiation of regulatory T cells | (93) |
| MSC | DC | Combine with IFN-γ | inhibits DC maturation, activation, and antigen uptakes | (94) |
| MSC-Evs | DC | expression of anti-inflammatory factors (TGF-β1 and IL-10) and reduce the generation of proinflammatory cytokines (L-6 and IL-12p70) | attenuate DCs maturation and function | (95) |
| UC-MSCs | CD1c+ DCs | upregulating serum FLT3L | Increased expression of CD1c+ DCs | (96) |
MSC, Mesenchymal stem cells; MSC-EVs, MSC derived Extracellular Vesicles; MSC-Exo, MSC derived Exsome; UC-MSC, umbilical cord Mesenchymal stem cells; IL-10, interleukin 10; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; DC, Dendritic cells; NK, Natural killer; IFN-γ, interferon; IL-6, interleukin-6.