Table 5.
Characteristics of RAD women with or without hernia.
| Variable | No. (%) | Univariate | Multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-hernia subgroup (N = 566) | Hernia subgroup (N = 310) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | |
| DEMOGRAPHIC | ||||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 40.6 ± 11.1 | 46.9 ± 13.8 | 0.000† | |||
| <30 | 27 (4.9) | 4 (1.3) | 0.000 | 1 | 0.000 | 1.51 (1.33–1.72) |
| 30 to <40 | 259 (46.6) | 103 (33.2) | 0.072 | 2.68 [0.92–7.86] | ||
| 40 to <50 | 198 (35.6) | 111 (35.8) | 0.015 | 3.78 [1.29–11.09] | ||
| 50 to <60 | 38 (6.8) | 30 (9.7) | 0.004 | 5.33 [1.68–16.90] | ||
| 60 to <70 | 21 (3.8) | 33 (10.6) | 0.000 | 10.61 [3.25–34.66] | ||
| ≥70 | 13 (2.3) | 29 (9.4) | 0.000 | 15.06 [4.37–51.89] | ||
| Body mass index – Mean (kg/m2) | 27.4 ± 6.3 | 29.2 ± 7.1 | 0.001† | |||
| <18.5 | 10 (1.8) | 4 (1.3) | 0.001 | 1 | 0.235 | NS |
| 18.5 to <25 | 204 (36.7) | 100 (32.3) | 0.736 | 1.23 [0.38–4.00] | ||
| 25 to <30 | 182 (32.7) | 81 (26.1) | 0.860 | 1.11 [0.34–3.65] | ||
| 30 to <40 | 124 (22.3) | 93 (30.0) | 0.301 | 1.88 [0.57–6.17] | ||
| ≥40 | 21 (3.8) | 28 (9.0) | 0.067 | 3.33 [0.92–12.11] | ||
| Missing data | 15 (2.7) | 4 (1.3) | ||||
| Race or ethnic group | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 23 (4.1) | 19 (6.1) | 0.427 | 1 | 0.128 | NS |
| Hispanic | 23 (4.1) | 13 (4.2) | 0.415 | 0.68 [0.28–1.70] | 0.810 | NS |
| Other | 510 (91.7) | 278 (89.7) | 0.192 | 0.66 [0.35–1.23] | ||
| Abdominal surgery history | 175 (31.5) | 90 (29.0) | 0.455 | 0.89 [0.66–1.21] | 0.590 | NS |
| Social history | ||||||
| Smoking/tobacco use | 69 (12.4) | 72 (23.2) | 0.000 | 2.14 [1.48–3.08] | 0.010 | 1.66 (1.13–2.44) |
| Alcohol use | 202 (36.6) | 124 (40.0) | 0.286 | 1.17 [0.88–1.55] | 0.863 | NS |
| Depressive disorder | 127 (22.8) | 96 (31.0) | 0.009 | 1.52 [1.11–2.07] | 0.223 | NS |
| Major depressive disorder | 86 (15.5) | 66 (21.3) | 0.031 | 1.48 [1.04–2.11] | 0.307 | NS |
| Coexisting conditions | ||||||
| Incontinence | 20 (3.6) | 15 (4.8) | 0.375 | 1.36 [0.69–2.70] | 0.861 | NS |
| Pelvic and perineal pain | 94 (16.9) | 50 (16.1) | 0.768 | 0.95 [0.65–1.38] | 0.773 | NS |
| Strain of muscle, fascial and tendon | 10 (1.8) | 4 (1.3) | 0.571 | 0.71 [0.22–2.30] | 0.181 | NS |
| Strain of muscle, fascial and tendon of lower back | 126 (22.7) | 85 (27.4) | 0.118 | 1.29 [0.94–1.77] | 0.940 | NS |
| Low back pain | 175 (31.5) | 90 (29.0) | 0.455 | 0.89 [0.66–1.21] | 0.590 | NS |
(1)Wilcoxon W non-parametric Test; (2) NS, not significant.