Table 2.
Independent correlates of IAD by multiple logistic regression analysis.
| Variables | Multiple logistic regression analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | OR | 95% CI | ||
| Lower | Upper | |||
| Male gender | 0.14 | 0.79 | 0.58 | 1.08 |
| Rural residence | 0.003 | 0.62 | 0.46 | 0.85 |
| Principal psychiatric diagnosis | ||||
| MDD | – | 1 | – | – |
| BD | 0.14 | 1.47 | 0.88 | 2.47 |
| ADHD | 0.28 | 0.63 | 0.28 | 1.45 |
| Others | 0.61 | 0.92 | 0.66 | 1.28 |
| Perceived academic pressure | ||||
| Low | – | 1 | – | – |
| Fair | 0.32 | 0.80 | 0.52 | 1.24 |
| High | 0.17 | 0.73 | 0.46 | 1.15 |
| Relationship with parents | ||||
| Good | – | 1 | – | – |
| Fair | 0.06 | 1.38 | 0.98 | 1.94 |
| Poor | <0.001 | 2.34 | 1.49 | 3.68 |
| Concern with COVID-19 | ||||
| Very concerned | – | 1 | – | – |
| Moderately concerned | 0.24 | 1.24 | 0.87 | 1.78 |
| No or minimal concerned | 0.22 | 1.31 | 0.85 | 2.02 |
| Daily physical exercise | ||||
| <30 min/day | – | 1 | – | – |
| 30–60 min/day | 0.04 | 0.67 | 0.46 | 0.98 |
| More than 60 min/day | 0.07 | 0.56 | 0.29 | 1.06 |
| Difficulty seeing psychiatrists during COVID-19 pandemic | ||||
| No or very few | – | 1 | – | – |
| Sometimes | 0.71 | 0.93 | 0.64 | 1.36 |
| Often | 0.31 | 1.56 | 0.67 | 3.64 |
| Treatment adherence during COVID-19 pandemic | ||||
| Poor | – | 1 | – | – |
| Fair | 0.12 | 1.44 | 0.91 | 2.29 |
| Good treatment adherence | 0.96 | 1.01 | 0.71 | 1.43 |
| Illness relapse in COVID-19 | ||||
| No | – | 1 | – | – |
| Symptom worsening, but no relapse | 0.83 | 1.04 | 0.74 | 1.45 |
| Relapse | 0.51 | 0.87 | 0.57 | 1.33 |
| PHQ-9 Total | <0.001 | 1.19 | 1.16 | 1.21 |
Bolded values: <0.05; CI, confidential interval; OR, odds ratio; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; MDD, major depressive disorder; BD, bipolar disorder; ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; PHQ-9, the 9-item patient health questionnaire; Residence was controlled for study sites.