Table 2.
Cox regression analyses for CVD incidence per trajectory of grip strength (2004–2012).
| Trajectories of grip strength | P for interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stable high | Stable moderate | Stable low | ||
| Total population | ||||
| No. of events (%) | 81/1,571 (5.2) | 194/2,897 (6.7) | 117/832 (14.1) | |
| HR (95% CI) | ||||
| Age/sex adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.17 (0.89–1.53) | 2.29 (1.64–3.20) | |
| Fully adjusteda | 1 (ref) | 1.13 (0.85–1.51) | 2.17 (1.52–3.09) | |
| Stratified by sex | 0.462 | |||
| Women | ||||
| No. of events (%) | 34/820 (4.2) | 81/1,656 (4.9) | 67/507 (13.2) | |
| HR (95% CI) | ||||
| Age/sex adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.04 (0.69–1.56) | 2.23 (1.37–3.63) | |
| Fully adjusted | 1 (ref) | 0.99 (0.64–1.52) | 2.05 (1.22–3.43) | |
| Men | ||||
| No. of events (%) | 47/751 (6.3) | 113/1,241 (9.1) | 50/325 (15.4) | |
| HR (95% CI) | ||||
| Age/sex adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.30 (0.91–1.86) | 2.33 (1.47–3.69) | |
| Fully adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.26 (0.86–1.85) | 2.23 (1.37–3.63) | |
| Stratified by age | 0.572 | |||
| ≤65 years | ||||
| No. of events (%) | 56/1,114 (5.0) | 60/1,171 (5.1) | 10/112 (8.9) | |
| HR (95% CI) | ||||
| Age/sex adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.10 (0.76–1.59) | 1.95 (0.99–3.83) | |
| Fully adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.08 (0.73–1.59) | 1.90 (0.95–3.81) | |
| >65 years | ||||
| No. of events (%) | 25/457 (5.5) | 134/1,726 (7.8) | 107/720 (14.9) | |
| HR (95% CI) | ||||
| Age/sex adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.56 (1.02–2.39) | 3.66 (2.37–5.67) | |
| Fully adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.49 (0.96–2.34) | 3.47 (2.18–5.52) | |
Data are expressed as n (%) or hazard ratio (95% CI). For this analysis, the group with stable high trajectories of grip strength was used as the reference (ref) and compared with all the other groups.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; NA, not available; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a
Fully adjusted = adjusted for age, sex, education level, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking, physical activity, depression, and sleep quality.