Table 2.
Results from the fixed-effects models on depression, anxiety and life satisfaction
| Model I-i Depression | Model II-i Anxiety | Model III-i Life satisfaction | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | s.e. | P | qa | Coefficient | s.e. | P | qa | Coefficient | s.e. | P | qa | |
| Working 30 min to 2 h (Ref <30 min) | −0.03 | 0.04 | 0.458 | 0.518 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.364 | 0.494 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.497 | 0.562 |
| Working ≥3 h (Ref <30 min) | −0.27 | 0.04 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.095 | 0.190 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Volunteering <30 min (Ref none) | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.947 | 0.958 | −0.01 | 0.05 | 0.819 | 0.836 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.934 | 0.934 |
| Volunteering ≥30 min (Ref none) | −0.16 | 0.10 | 0.104 | 0.142 | −0.09 | 0.06 | 0.148 | 0.252 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.028 | 0.046 |
| Housework 30 min to 2 h (Ref <30 min) | −0.11 | 0.03 | 0.000 | 0.000 | −0.04 | 0.03 | 0.155 | 0.252 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Housework ≥3 h (Ref <30 min) | −0.21 | 0.05 | 0.000 | 0.000 | −0.04 | 0.04 | 0.360 | 0.494 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Looking after children 30 min to 2 h (Ref <30 min) | −0.02 | 0.07 | 0.744 | 0.806 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.283 | 0.433 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.293 | 0.381 |
| Looking after children ≥3 h (Ref <30 min) | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.435 | 0.514 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.054 | 0.128 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.314 | 0.389 |
| Gardening <30 min (Ref none) | −0.15 | 0.03 | 0.000 | 0.000 | −0.15 | 0.03 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Gardening ≥30 min (Ref none) | −0.30 | 0.04 | 0.000 | 0.000 | −0.24 | 0.03 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Exercising <30 min (Ref none) | −0.19 | 0.04 | 0.000 | 0.000 | −0.03 | 0.03 | 0.437 | 0.541 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Exercising ≥30 min (Ref none) | −0.39 | 0.04 | 0.000 | 0.000 | −0.23 | 0.03 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.22 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Reading <30 min (Ref none) | −0.07 | 0.03 | 0.041 | 0.063 | −0.06 | 0.03 | 0.048 | 0.125 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.090 | 0.130 |
| Reading ≥30 min (Ref none) | −0.14 | 0.04 | 0.001 | 0.002 | −0.19 | 0.04 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.006 | 0.012 |
| Hobby <30 min (Ref none) | −0.06 | 0.03 | 0.052 | 0.075 | −0.01 | 0.03 | 0.836 | 0.836 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.117 | 0.160 |
| Hobby ≥30 min (Ref none) | −0.17 | 0.03 | 0.000 | 0.000 | −0.10 | 0.03 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Communication 30 min to 2 h (Ref <30 min) | −0.05 | 0.03 | 0.037 | 0.060 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.134 | 0.249 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Communication ≥3 h (Ref <30 min) | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.958 | 0.958 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.004 | 0.013 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.008 | 0.015 |
| COVID-19 news 30 min to 2 h (Ref <30 min) | 0.29 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.48 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.000 | −0.15 | 0.01 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| COVID-19 news ≥3 h (Ref <30 min) | 0.56 | 0.05 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.89 | 0.04 | 0.000 | 0.000 | −0.28 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Watching TV 30 min to 2 h (Ref <30 min) | −0.03 | 0.04 | 0.423 | 0.514 | −0.03 | 0.04 | 0.380 | 0.494 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.332 | 0.392 |
| Watching TV ≥3 h (Ref <30 min) | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.016 | 0.028 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.638 | 0.721 | −0.04 | 0.02 | 0.065 | 0.099 |
| Listening to radio/music 30 min to 2 h (Ref <30 min) | −0.09 | 0.03 | 0.003 | 0.006 | −0.04 | 0.03 | 0.089 | 0.190 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.027 | 0.046 |
| Listening to radio/music ≥3 h (Ref <30 min) | −0.24 | 0.05 | 0.000 | 0.000 | −0.09 | 0.04 | 0.031 | 0.090 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Internet/social media 30 min to 2 h (Ref <30 min) | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.160 | 0.208 | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.775 | 0.836 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.701 | 0.759 |
| Internet/social media ≥3 h (Ref <30 min) | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.015 | 0.028 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.519 | 0.613 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.878 | 0.913 |
| Number of observations | 308 182 | 308 182 | 308 182 | |||||||||
| Number of individuals | 54 632 | 54 632 | 54 632 | |||||||||
Ref, reference; bold denotes significance at q < 0.05.
a.
q-values are P-values controlling for the positive false discovery rate.