Table 1.
Baseline descriptive characteristics of control group and exercise groups who either reduced or did not reduce their total body FM.
| Control (n =22) | Low responders (n=20) | High responders (n=20) | Value of p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age (years) | 60.8 ± 7.5 | 57.5 ± 8.9 | 59.6 ± 7.0 | 0.39 |
| Gender (F:M) | 11:11 | 8:12 | 9:11 | 0.81 |
| Weight (kg) | 84.6 ± 15.4 | 82.1 ± 18.1 | 80.5 ± 11.3 | 0.67 |
| Height (cm) | 164.5 ± 9.5 | 165.0 ± 8.8 | 163.9 ± 8.1 | 0.93 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31.7 ± 4.7 | 30.5 ± 6.0 | 30.6 ± 5.2 | 0.73 |
| Time from DM dx | 5.9 ± 5.4 | 7.8 ± 4.9 | 7.5 ± 5.2 | 0.44 |
| Hypertensive medication (%) | 54.5 | 45.0 | 50.0 | 0.82 |
| Oral hypoglycemic medication | 95.5 | 95.0 | 90.0 | 0.83 |
| % Trainings completed (%) | NA | 74.2 ± 20.7 | 77.5 ± 22.4 | 0.63 |
| MCT (n): HIIT (n) | NA | 11:9 | 10:10 | 0.75 |
| Baseline MVPA (min/d)a | 22.1 ± 16.0 | 31.0 ± 18.6 | 46.9 ± 30.8* | 0.003 |
| Sedentary time (min/d)a | 570.1 ± 147.4 | 603.5 ± 67.2 | 570.3 ± 86.6 | 0.527 |
| TV viewing time (min/d) | 199.3 ± 141.2 | 195.3 ± 108.7 | 186.8 ± 143.1 | 0.952 |
| HbAIC (%)a | 6.9 ± 1.1 | 7.3 ± 1.4 | 6.9 ± 1.1 | 0.54 |
| HbAIC (mmol/L)a | 51.7 ± 11.8 | 55.9 ± 15.7 | 52.1 ± 12.3 | 0.54 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL)a | 8.0 ± 1.8 | 9.8 ± 3.7 | 8.5 ± 3.6 | 0.18 |
| VO2peak (ml/min/kg) | 25.2 ± 5.6 | 25.5 ± 5.1 | 25.7 ± 6.1 | 0.95 |
| bMAP (mmHg) | 91.6 ± 9.0 | 96.2 ± 13.0 | 99.3 ± 10.5 | 0.08 |
| Total body FM (kg) | 29.9 ± 6.8 | 28.1 ± 9.4 | 28.2 ± 8.5 | 0.73 |
| Total body % FM (%) | 35.5 ± 6.3 | 33.9 ± 6.7 | 34.7 ± 7.7 | 0.73 |
| Total body lean soft tissue (kg) | 52.3 ± 11.4 | 51.6 ± 11.0 | 49.9 ± 7.4 | 0.73 |
| bSBP (mmHg) | 127.4 ± 17.3 | 133.3 ± 18.5 | 136.1 ± 16.7 | 0.28 |
| bDBP (mmHg) | 73.8 ± 6.7 | 78.0 ± 11.7 | 81.0 ± 9.3 | 0.06 |
DM, diabetes mellitus; bSBP, brachial systolic blood pressure; bDBP, brachial diastolic blood pressure; FM, fat mass; HbAIC, glycated hemoglobin; HIIT, high-intensity interval training; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MCT, moderate continuous training.aMedian (interquartile range). *significantly different from control, p<0.05.