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. 2021 Sep 29;4(9):e2127792. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27792

Table 1. Respondent Demographic, Clinical, and Health Behavior–Related Characteristics by Invitation Status.

Characteristic No. (Weighted %) V
Total (n = 3689) Invited (n = 439) Not invited (n = 3250)
Age
Weighted median (IQR) 48 (33-61) 54 (41-65) 48 (33-61) d = 0.22
18-34 458 (25.0) 33 (15.9) 425 (26.0) .08
35-49 680 (25.3) 64 (25.7) 616 (25.2)
50-64 1105 (27.4) 137 (27.7) 968 (27.4)
65-74 841 (11.6) 131 (17.1) 710 (11.1)
≥75 505 (8.2) 62 (9.4) 443 (8.0)
Missing 100 (2.5) 12 (4.3) 88 (2.3)
Sex
Male 1505 (47.7) 154 (44.5) 1351 (48.1) 0.04
Female 2107 (50.4) 274 (51.0) 1833 (50.3)
Missing 77 (1.9) 11 (4.5) 66 (1.6)
Race and ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White 2063 (59.4) 232 (57.2) 1831 (59.6) 0.1
Non-Hispanic Black 452 (10.1) 90 (18.5) 362 (9.3)
Hispanic 521 (14.2) 49 (11.1) 472 (14.5)
Other race or multiraciala 319 (9.3) 28 (5.8) 291 (9.7)
Missing 334 (6.9) 40 (7.3) 294 (6.9)
Education
<High school 255 (7.5) 23 (4.3) 232 (7.8) 0.07
High school degree 663 (21.7) 53 (14.9) 610 (22.4)
Some college 1040 (38.6) 135 (37.8) 905 (38.7)
≥College graduate 1616 (29.7) 214 (39.8) 1402 (28.7)
Missing 115 (2.5) 14 (3.1) 101 (2.4)
Feelings about present income
Living comfortably 1383 (34.4) 150 (30.5) 1233 (34.8) 0.05
Getting by 1388 (39.7) 164 (37.6) 1224 (39.9)
Finding it difficult 499 (15.0) 67 (15.0) 432 (15.0)
Finding it very difficult 214 (6.1) 36 (10.6) 178 (5.7)
Missing 205 (4.8) 22 (6.2) 183 (4.6)
Marital status
Married or living as married 1912 (53.6) 201 (48.0) 1711 (54.1) 0.05
Divorced, widowed, or separated 1036 (13.7) 139 (12.8) 897 (13.8)
Single, never married 620 (29.9) 88 (36.2) 532 (29.3)
Missing 121 (2.8) 11 (2.9) 110 (2.8)
Residence
Rural 299 (8.5) 16 (3.1) 283 (9.0) 0.06
Urban 3390 (91.5) 423 (97.9) 2967 (91.0)
Region
Northeast 557 (17.3) 61 (17.2) 496 (17.3) 0.03
Midwest 615 (21.0) 62 (16.9) 553 (21.4)
South 1643 (37.9) 200 (38.3) 1443 (37.9)
West 874 (23.8) 116 (27.7) 758 (23.4)
Employment status
Employed 1809 (57.9) 178 (49.0) 1631 (58.9) 0.07
Retired 1154 (18.4) 161 (23.2) 993 (17.9)
Unemployed or receiving disability 321 (9.7) 45 (12.4) 276 (9.5)
Other 289 (11.4) 36 (10.6) 253 (11.5)
Missing 116 (2.5) 19 (4.8) 97 (2.3)
Health insurance status
Private or employer sponsored 1488 (47.7) 145 (38.5) 1343 (48.6) 0.11
Medicare 1154 (19.4) 178 (24.4) 976 (18.9)
Medicaid 333 (11.3) 36 (14.7) 297 (10.9)
Dual eligible 217 (3.8) 41 (9.2) 176 (3.2)
Other 255 (7.6) 36 (8.3) 228 (7.5)
Uninsured 194 (9.0) 9 (4.1) 185 (9.5)
Missing 48 (1.3) 3 (0.8) 45 (1.3)
Self-reported medical conditionsb
Diabetes 789 (17.9) 122 (23.1) 667 (17.4) 0.06
High blood pressure 1627 (35.7) 223 (41.6) 1404 (35.1) 0.05
Heart condition 387 (8.0) 56 (10.3) 331 (7.7) 0.03
Lung disease 526 (12.5) 103 (23.4) 423 (11.4) 0.1
Depression 863 (23.9) 151 (41.7) 712 (22.1) 0.1
Cancer 596 (9.0) 110 (16.2) 486 (8.2) 0.09
No. of medical conditions
0 1122 (38.4) 76 (17.6) 1046 (40.6) 0.14
1 1145 (30.6) 127 (35.0) 1018 (30.2)
2 805 (19.1) 113 (26.4) 692 (18.4)
≥3 585 (11.3) 120 (20.5) 465 (10.3)
Missing 32 (0.5) 3 (0.6) 29 (0.5)
Self-rated health
Excellent or very good 1746 (50.1) 186 (44.6) 1560 (50.6) 0.07
Good 1336 (35.8) 152 (32.2) 1184 (36.2)
Fair or poor 593 (13.9) 97 (22.2) 496 (13.1)
Missing 14 (0.2) 4 (0.9) 10 (0.2)
Current smoker
Yes 419 (13.6) 60 (14.8) 359 (13.5) 0.03
No 3218 (85.1) 374 (83.5) 2844 (85.3)
Missing 52 (1.3) 5 (1.7) 47 (1.3)
Hazardous drinker
Yes 471 (14.4) 46 (10.4) 425 (14.8) 0.03
No 1227 (32.6) 149 (31.0) 1078 (32.8)
Missing 1991 (53.0) 244 (58.7) 1747 (52.4)
Weekly exercise
None 984 (26.0) 113 (25.1) 871 (26.1) 0.01
Any 2656 (72.8) 319 (74.2) 2337 (72.7)
Missing 49 (1.2) 7 (0.7) 42 (1.2)
Saw health care professional in last year
Yes 3169 (82.2) 415 (93.3) 2754 (81.1) 0.09
No 490 (17.2) 20 (5.1) 470 (18.4)
Missing 30 (0.6) 4 (1.6) 26 (0.5)
a

Other race included American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, other Asian, Native Hawaiian, Guamanian or Chamorro, Samoan, and other Pacific Islander.

b

Will not sum to 100% since respondents could report multiple conditions.