Table 1.
Types of PE gels explored in this review for different applications.
| PE Type | PE Gel Composition | Application | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Multilayered gels | PNIPAM-co-MAA nanogel coated with PLL and PGA or CHT and DS | Storage and release of biomolecules | [73] |
| PNIPAM-co-AA core and PNIPAM shell microgel coated with PDADMAC and PSS | Drug encapsulation and delivery | [53] | |
| PNIPAM-co-MAA microgels coated with PLL and PGA or PAH and PAA | Biosensing and controlled release | [75] | |
| PEI and PSS | Drug encapsulation, microreactors, sensors | [78] | |
| PMAA nanogels with CS/ALG | Drug encapsulation and delivery | [11] | |
| CHT/CS on polyurethane discs | Tissue engineering | [84] | |
| PNIPAM grafted onto CHT/ALG | Drug encapsulation and delivery | [79] | |
| Polyetherimide and PAA | Plasmonic microstructures and tissue engineering | [95] | |
| Tough gels | ALG/collagen ionically crosslinked using calcium ions | Wound healing | [155] |
| CHT and ALG | Drug delivery and tissue engineering | [106] | |
| DMAEA-Q and NaSS | Fundamental study | [107] | |
| ALG and polyacrylamide | Fundamental study | [103] | |
| PAMPS and PAAm | Fundamental study | [110] | |
| PCDME and PAMPS | Fundamental study | [111] | |
| PAMPS, PAAm and PEDOT | Load-bearing tissue engineering applications | [112] | |
| PVA and P(AM-co-SBMA) | Stretchable electronics and energy storage | [32] | |
| Bioadhesive gels | PAA-g-PNIPAM and PDMAPAA-g-PNIPAM | Tissue engineering | [120] |
| P(SBMA-co-AMPS) and P(SBMA-co-DAC) | Tissue engineering and bioelectronics | [122] | |
| PVP-PAA and PVA-PAAM gels coated with PEI and PAA | Tissue engineering | [133] | |
| PMAA and PDMAEMA | Tissue engineering | [118] | |
| C-HA and C-CHT | Orthopaedic applications | [22] | |
| DOPA-PAA and PEI crosslinked with zinc | Drug delivery, biosensing, tissue engineering | [126] | |
| Poly(TMAEMA-co-SBMA) and polyphosphate | Tissue engineering, drug delivery and biosensing | [131] | |
| Chitooligosaccharide and poly(N-acryloyl 2-glycine) | Tissue engineering | [9] | |
| PEI and PAA complexed with iron ions | Tissue engineering | [133] | |
| 3D printable gels | ALG and calcium ions | Tissue engineering | [139] |
| ALG and PEI | Bone tissue engineering | [140] | |
| ALG and acrylamide | Fundamental study | [144] | |
| Chitosan and sodium hydroxide | Soft actuator | [146] | |
| Gelatin and chitosan | Skin tissue engineering | [149] | |
| GelMA and κ-carrageenan | Tissue engineering | [150] | |
| HA and ALG | Tissue engineering | [151] | |
| PEDOT: PSS and PEGDA | Neural tissue engineering | [152] | |
| PAAm, AETA and silica nanoparticles | Sensors and robotics | [153] | |
| PVDF and PDMAAm | Electrochemical devices | [154] |