Table 4.

Probiotics associated with the management of neurological disorders.

Probiotics	Condition	Concentration	Evidence	Ref
B. coagulans MTCC 5856	Depressive disorder in IBS patients	2 × 109 CFU	The human trials adjusted the depression score and reduced serum myeloperoxidase in patients with irritable bowel syndrome	[79]
L. helveticus R0052 and B. longum R0175	Major depressive disorder	10 × 109 CFU	Improved the BDI score in patients with depressive disorder through the regulation of the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio	[80]
L. helveticus R0052 and B. longum R0175		3 × 109 CFU	Daily administration significantly improved overall mood, anhedonia, decreased anxiety, and ameliorated quality of sleep in humans	[81]
B. bifidum W23, B. lactis W51, B. lactis W52, L. brevis W63, L. casei W56, L. lactis W58, L. salivarius W24, L. acidophilus W37, and L. lactis W19	Depression	1 × 1010 CFU	Decreased cognitive reactivity in human trials, a variable associated with susceptibility to depression	[82]
	Migraine	2.5 × 109 CFU	Had a positive impact on the frequency and severity of migraine in human trials	[83]
L. plantarum P8	Stress/anxiety	2 × 1010 CFU	Improved stress and anxiety symptoms through the ability to enrich the diversity of neurotransmitter-synthesizing/consuming species-level genome bins and microbial neuroactive metabolites	[84]