Table 2.

The effect of microbial strains on fermentation of raw materials with different non-starch polysaccharides.

Items	Typical raw materials	Fermentation strain	Enzymes	Changes in indicators	References
Araboxylan	Wheat bran, Rice bran, Maize, Sorghum	Agaricus blazei murill, Aspergillus niger, Lentinus edodes, Trichoderma, Fomes lignosus.	Endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase, β-D-xylosidase; α-L-arabinofuranase, Xylan acetylesterase, Glucuronidase	Soluble sugar↑, Crude Protein↑, Ferulic acid↑	Shen et al. (2012); Zhang et al. (2003); Ghoneum (1998); Cui et al. (2005)
β-glucan	Barley, Oats, Rye, Brewer's yeast	Thermoascus aurantiacus, NFEg16A, Caldicellulosiruptor sp. F32, Paenibacillus sp. S09	Endo-β-1,3-glucanase, Endo-β-1,4-glucanase, Exo-β-1,3-glucanase, Exo-β-1,4-glucanase	Oligosaccharide ↑, Glucose ↑, Viscosity ↓	Qiao et al. (2018); Ali et al. (2018); Feng et al. (2019); Chen (2014)
Mannan and Glucomannan	Palm meal, Yeast cell wall, Konjac	Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Cladosporium velox, Aspergillus nidulans, Neosartorya fischeri, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma virens, Penicillium oxalicum	β-1,4-D-Mannanase, Mannosidase, Glucomannanase	Short chain fatty acids↑, Lactic acid↑, Mannan oligosaccharide↑, Mannose↑	Wang et al. (2016); David et al. (2016); Zhang et al., 2018a, Zhang et al., 2018b; Wang et al., 2014a, Wang et al., 2014b; Sin et al. (2016); Liao et al. (2014); Zhu et al. (2018)
Pectin	Sugar beet pulp, Citrus peel, Peanut meal, Ramie	Bacillus cereu, Bacillus megaterium, Pectobacterium, Aspegr illus tubingensis, Rahnella aquatilis, Aspergillus niger	Pectin methylesterase, Polygalacturonase, Pectin lyase	Utilization of pectin and Pectinic acid↑, Soluble sugar↑, Organic acids↑	Mukhopadhyay et al. (2013); Duan et al. (2016); Na et al. (2018); Long et al. (2017); Chang (2020); Debing et al. (2006)
Fructan	Chicory, Onion, Jerusalem artichoke	Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Coriolusversiolor	β-fructofuranase	Fructooligosaccharides↑, Lactic acid↑, Short chain fatty acids↑	Cao et al. (2009); Liu et al. (2018); Liu and Cao (1996)
Galactomannan	Soybean hulls, Soybean meal, Nut	Bispora, Lachancea thermotolerans, Penicillium simplicissimum, Neosartorya fischeri, Talaromyces leycettanus, Alicyclobacillus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Talaromyces flavus	α-galactosidase, and β-galactosidase	Mannan oligosaccharides↑, Mannose↑	Wang (2014); Wang, 2010a, Wang, 2010b; Carrera-Silva et al. (2006); Simersk et al. (2007)