Table 1.

Demographic information for the sample (N=4153)^a.

Variables			Full sample statistics
Gender, n (%)
	Female	1929 (46.45)
	Male	2184 (52.59)
	Nonbinary or transgender	35 (0.84)
Race, n (%)
	White	2821 (67.93)
	Black or African American	608 (14.64)
	Asian	210 (5.06)
	American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander	130 (3.13)
	Multiracial	205 (4.94)
Ethnicity, n (%)
	Hispanic or Latino	733 (17.65)
Age (years), mean (SD)			14.64 (1.66)
Grade, mean (SD)			8.58 (1.78)
Parent education, n (%)
	High school or less	249 (6)
	High school or General Educational Development	782 (18.83)
	Some college or associate’s	1321 (31.81)
	Four-year college or bachelor’s	967 (23.28)
	Professional degree	810 (19.5)
Sleepiness and social media behaviors, mean (SD)
	Daytime sleepiness	13.08 (6.62)
	Social media checking frequency	5.00 (2.64)
	Social media posting frequency	5.79 (2.38)
	Technology for social importance	16.26 (5.57)
Technology access and rules
	Bedtime technology rules (yes), n (%)	1417 (34.12)
	Total media access rules, mean (SD)	1.03 (1.06)
	Smartphone age (parent), mean (SD)	12.36 (2.19)
	Smartphone age (teen), mean (SD)	11.98 (2.01)

^aParticipant responses that were not provided or stated prefer not to say are not included in the above table.