Table 1.
Summary of stimuli-responsive Nanoplatforms-Assisted PDT in anti-bacterial.
| Source of respond | Responsive method | Bacteria species | PS | Vehicle | Advantages | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | Proton; Amide bond break; PAA; MnO2 catalysis |
MRSA; S. epidermidis; E. coil; S. aureus |
Ce6; TBO; DHTPY; ICG; Porphyrin; MB |
Micelle; Nanoparticle; MOF; ZIF-8; Nanosheet; |
Enhance bacterial affinity; Control delivery; Enhance biocompatibility; Prolong circulation; Targeting property; High ROS generation; Biofilm penetration; Hypoxia alleviation; Bioimaging functionality; Synergistic effect |
(46–54) |
| Enzyme | Ester linkage; Hyaluronic acid; MMP-9-sensitive peptides |
P. acnes; MRSA; P. aeruginosa; |
Pheo A; HA; Ce6; |
Liposome; Micelle; Nanosheet; Nanoparticle; | Prevent PS aggregation; Enhance water solubility; High selectivity and penetration property; Enhance retention time |
(55–59) |
| Redox | MIL-100 (Fe); Disulfide bond |
MRSA | TPETM; Porphyrin |
Nanoparticle | Precise detection and therapy; Multivalent targeting |
(60, 61) |
| Magnetic | Fe3O4; Fe |
S. sanguinis; P. gingivalis; F. nucleatum; Salmonella DT104; MRSA; VRE; E. faecalis; S. aureus; B. cereus; MSSA; E. coli; S. typhimurium |
Ce6/C6; MB; MgPc; t-PtCP |
Nanoparticle | Good biocompatibility; Real-time monitoring; Magnetically-targeting; Multimodel treatment; Improve ROS generation |
(64–68) |
| Electric | Hydrogel lysis | MRSA | TMP; MB |
Hydrogel | Rapid release | (69) |
MRSA, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; S. epidermidis, Staphylococcus epidermidis; E. coil, Escherichia coli; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus; P. acnes, Propionibacterium acnes; P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; S. sanguinis, Streptococcus sanguinis; P. gingivalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis; F. nucleatum, Fusobacterium nucleatum; VRE, (VAN)-resistant Enterococcus; E. faecalis, Enterococcus faecalis; B. cereus, Bacillus cereus; MSSA, Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; S. typhimurium, Salmonella typhimurium. Ce6, Chlorin e6; TBO, Toluidine blue O; DHTPY, Pyridinium, 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-4-[2-[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]ethenyl]; ICG, Indocyanine green; MB, Methylbenzene blue; Pheo A, Pheophorbide A; HA, Hypocrellin A; TPETM, 2-(1-(5-(4-(1,2,2-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)vinyl)phenyl)th-iophen-2-yl)ethylidene)malononitrile; C6, Coumarin 6; MgPc, Mg (II) or Al (III) phthalocyanine; t-PtCP, [5,15-bisphenyl-10,20-bis(4-methoxy-carbonylphenyl)-porphyrin] platinum; TMP, meso-Tetra (N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine tetra tosylate.