Table 1. Baseline characteristics of adults with esophageal cancer in relation to nutritional procedure received up to 10 days after the index date (start of neoadjuvant therapy). Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2010–2017.

Baseline characteristic	Nutritional counseling with no procedure, N=307			J-tube, N=39			Stent, N=20			P value
	N	%		N	%		N	%
Year of cancer diagnosis
2010–2012	91	30		19	49		2	10		<0.001
2013–2015	126	41		17	44		6	30
2016–2017	90	29		3	8		12	60
Histologic type
Adenocarcinoma	189	62		26	67		13	65		0.77**
Squamous cell	96	31		12	31		7	35
Other	22	7		1	3		0	0
Stage at diagnosis
II	96	31		15	38		9	45		0.33
III	211	69		24	62		11	55
Age at diagnosis, years
18–59	58	19		7	18		5	25		0.21**
60–69	108	35		20	51		7	35
70–79	108	35		12	31		7	35
80–89	33	11		0	0		1	5
Gender
Male	241	79		31	79		13	65		0.36
Female	66	22		8	21		7	35
Race/ethnicity
Asian	33	11		2	5		0	0		0.61**
Black	13	4		1	3		1	5
Hispanic, any race	28	9		2	5		2	10
White	210	68		32	82		17	85
Other	23	7		2	5		0	0
Body mass index*, kg/m2
Underweight (<18.5)	7	2		0	0		2	10		0.20
Healthy weight (18.5–24.9)	100	33		10	26		5	25
Overweight (25–29.9)	97	32		15	38		4	20
Obese (30+)	103	34		14	36		9	45
Smoking
Ever	210	68		22	56		18	90		0.02**
Never	91	30		13	33		2	10
Unknown	6	2		4	10		0	0
Charlson comorbidity
0	106	35		14	26		4	20		0.71**
1–2	173	56		21	60		14	70
≥3	28	9		4	14		2	10
Median %TWL from diagnosis to index		0.7%			2.6%			4.1%		<0.01

*, most recent measurement in the 2 years preceding diagnosis; **, P values were computed from chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test for small cell counts, and Kruskal-Wallis test for medians.