Figure 1.

Serum levels of eight common atherogenic factors in patients.

Note. Control: healthy controls; simple DM: simple diabetes mellitus (ACR < 30 mg/g); NHADKD: non-high albuminuria diabetic kidney disease. Units: total-Chol, triglyceride, HDL-Chol, LDL-Chol were measured in mmol/L, ApoA1 and ApoB in g/L, homocysteine in μmol/L, and Lip-PLA2 in U/L. Among these observed atherosclerotic indicators, only the serum total-Chol, HDL-Chol, and homocysteine levels demonstrated significant changes with disease progression (control→simple DM→NHADKD).