Table 2.

Severe COVID-19 outcomes according to metabolic health and obesity phenotypes.

	Events, n	Incidence rate, per 100 person-months	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
			Unadjusted	Model 1	Model 2
Composite of severe COVID-19 outcomes
MHNW	64	0.90	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
MUNW	86	3.37	3.58 (2.59–4.95)	1.42 (1.02–1.99)	1.41 (1.01–1.98)
MHO	36	1.64	1.79 (1.19–2.70)	1.42 (0.94–2.14)	1.48 (0.98–2.23)
MUO	103	3.37	3.59 (2.63–4.91)	1.80 (1.31–2.47)	1.77 (1.29–2.44)
ICU admission
MHNW	47	0.66	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
MUNW	50	1.96	2.82 (1.89–4.20)	1.43 (0.94–2.18)	1.45 (0.95–2.20)
MHO	29	1.32	1.96 (1.24–3.12)	1.60 (1.00–2.55)	1.59 (0.99–2.54)
MUO	69	2.26	3.26 (2.25–4.72)	1.92 (1.31–2.81)	1.92 (1.31–2.82)
IMV or ECMO
MHNW	15	0.21	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
MUNW	24	0.91	4.19 (2.20–7.98)	1.83 (0.94–3.58)	1.87 (0.95–3.65)
MHO	12	0.53	2.54 (1.19–5.42)	1.99 (0.93–4.27)	2.02 (0.94–4.33)
MUO	35	1.10	5.11 (2.79–9.36)	2.72 (1.47–5.05)	2.65 (1.42–4.94)
Death
MHNW	21	0.29	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
MUNW	52	1.94	6.56 (3.95–10.89)	1.85 (1.11–3.10)	1.90 (1.13–3.19)
MHO	12	0.52	1.81 (0.89–3.67)	1.30 (0.64–2.65)	1.44 (0.71–2.94)
MUO	52	1.60	5.43 (3.27–9.01)	2.23 (1.34–3.71)	2.22 (1.33–3.70)

Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; MHNW, metabolically healthy normal weight; MUNW, metabolically unhealthy normal weight; MHO, metabolically healthy obesity; MUO, metabolically unhealthy obesity; ICU, intensive care unit; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex.

Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, socioeconomic status, and previous history of chronic pulmonary disease, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.