Table 3.
Summary of studies and their findings on the relationship between electronic media devices and sleep outcomes among 6–12-year-olds
| Electronic media device | Measured at bedtime | Sleep outcomes | Study design | Quality Assessment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delayed bedtime or sleep onset latency | Poor sleep quality | Short sleep duration | Daytime tiredness | ||||
| Television | |||||||
| Arora 2014 | Yes | 0 | + | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate | |
| Chahal 2012 | Yes | + | Cohort study | Moderate | |||
| Falbe 2014 | No | + | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate | ||
| Marinelli 2014 | No | + | Cohort study | Moderate | |||
| Mireku 2019 | Yes | + | + | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate | |
| Nuutinen 2013 | No | + | + | Cohort study | Moderate | ||
| Yland 2015 | No | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate | |||
| Video game (console) | |||||||
| Arora 2014 | Yes | + | + | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate | |
| Chahal 2012 | Yes | + | Cohort study | Moderate | |||
| Falbe 2014 | No | + | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate | ||
| Yland 2015 | No | 0 | Cross-sectional | Moderate | |||
| Mobile phone | |||||||
| Arora 2014 | Yes | +/0 | + | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate | |
| Chahal 2012 | Yes | + | Cohort study | Moderate | |||
| Huss 2015 | No | + | + | + | 0 | Cohort study | Moderate |
| Mireku 2019 | Yes | + | + | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate | |
| Redmayne 2013 | No | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
| Computer | |||||||
| Arora 2014 | Yes | +/0 | + | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate | |
| Chahal 2012 | Yes | + | Cohort study | Moderate | |||
| Nuutinen 2013 | No | + | + | Cohort study | Moderate | ||
| Yland 2015 | No | +/0 | Cross-sectional | Moderate | |||
| Internet/social media | |||||||
| Arora 2014 | Yes | + | 0 | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate | |
| Total screen time | |||||||
| Barlett 2011 | No | + | Cohort study | Moderate | |||
| Brambilla 2017 | Yes | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate | |||
| Gentile 2014 | No | + | Cohort study | Moderate | |||
| Greever 2017 | No | + | 0 | Cross-sectional | Moderate | ||
| Mireku 2019 | Yes | + | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate | ||
| Parent 2016 | No | + | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate | ||
| Electronic media devices in the bedroom | |||||||
| Arora 2014 | 0 | 0 | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate | ||
| Brambilla 2017 | 0 | Cross-sectional | Moderate | ||||
| Chahal 2012 | + | Cohort study | Moderate | ||||
| Falbe 2014 | + | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate | |||
| Mindell 2016 | 0 | RCT | Moderate | ||||
| Nuutinen 2013 | + | +/0 | Cohort study | Moderate | |||
Note: 1st author and year. (+) Significant positive association; (0) No association; (+/0) refers to a positive association and no association for different outcome measures