Table 2.
Logistic regression model for catastrophic expenditures, 2014 and 2018
| Variable | OR (2014) | OR (2018) |
|---|---|---|
| Internal displacement | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.33* [1.01-1.75] | 1.20 [0.91-1.59] |
| Age group | ||
| Less than 18 years | 1.77 [0.87-3.61] | N. A |
| 18 – 44 years | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 45 – 64 years | 1.19 [0.86-1.65] | 1.39* [1.01-1.92] |
| 65 years or more | 1.99** [1.18-3.34] | 1.68* [1.05-2.70] |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 0.99 [0.75-1.30] | 1.21 [0.91-1.61] |
| Residence | ||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Rural | 1.54** [1.13-2.10] | 1.47* [1.03-2.09] |
| Work | ||
| Formal | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Informal | 0.99 [0.67-1.46] | 1.38 [0.88-2.18] |
| Out of Labor Force | 0.61 [0.33-1.11] | 1.34 [0.75-2.41] |
| Conflict level | ||
| Lived outside Meta | 1.38 [0.86-2.22] | |
| Capital city | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Highly affected | 1.50 [0.90-2.51] | 2.80** [1.74-4.49] |
| No conflict | 1.43 [0.91-2.26] | 1.55 [0.99-2.42] |
| Low conflict intensity | 1.50* [1.02-2.20] | 2.20** [1.45-3.36] |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Majority | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Minority | 0.90 [0.66-1.23] | 1.03 [0.76-1.40] |
| Education | ||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Primary School | 1.32 [0.76-2.32] | 0.83 [0.49-1.42] |
| Secondary School | 1.21 [0.65-2.26] | 0.83 [0.46-1.51] |
| Undergraduate | 1.56 [0.78-3.13] | 1.20 [0.62-2.32] |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Consensual Union | 0.98 [0.69-1.38] | 0.83 [0.59-1.18] |
| Divorced | 0.90 [0.58-1.38] | 0.77 [0.51 - 1.16] |
| Widow/er | 1.10 [0.60-2.03] | 0.68 [0.38 -1.22] |
| Single | 0.73 [0.42-1.27] | 0.51* [0.26-0.97] |
| Health insurance scheme | ||
| Not affiliated | 1.09 [0.59-2.02] | 1.24 [0.66-2.33] |
| Contributive | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Subsidized | 0.74 [0.51-1.05] | 0.77 [0.52-1.12] |
| Other | 1.52 [0.83-2.79] | 1.83 [0.98-3.39] |
| Sick in the previous 12 months | ||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 0.61** [0.47-0.80] | 0.63** [0.47-0.83] |
| Children under 5 years old | 1.09 [0.84-1.42] | 1.02 [0.77-1.33] |
| Household size | 1.11 [0.84-1.46] | 1.04 [0.77-1.38] |
| WHODAS | 1.06** [1.03-1.09] | 1.04** [1.01-1.06] |
| SRQ+ | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.14 [0.78-1.67] | 1.20 [0.88-1.65] |
| Poverty quintiles | ||
| Quintile 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 0.98 [0.66-1.47] | 0.94 [0.62-1.41] |
| Quintile 3 | 0.75 [0.48-1.16] | 0.91 [0.57-1.47] |
| Quintile 4 | 1.13 [0.70-1.83] | 0.60 [0.35-1.04] |
| Quintile 5 | 0.78 [0.46-1.35] | 0.82 [0.45-1.49] |
Source: Own elaboration based on CONPAS 2014 – 2018 (** p value<=0.01; * p value <=0.05)
Abbreviations: SRQ+: person has a possible mental health disorder (i.e., a SRQ positive case), WHODAS Disability score in World Health Organization Dissability Assessment Schedule